Article in Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society a mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · January 004 doi: 10. 1098/rsta. 2003
Applications and future directions
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Phil.Trans.
8. Applications and future directions
By the virtue of their exceptional spectral and temporal versatility and the ability to access vast spectral regions not available to conventional lasers, OPOs represent unique optical sources for a variety of scientific and technological applications. Because of the potential to deliver coherent light with high spectral purity, fre- quency stability and fine tuning capability, single-frequency CW OPOs are partic- ularly attractive for applications in high-resolution spectroscopy in spectral regions where alternative sources are not available. They are also promising candidates for Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A (2003) 03TA2008/18 M. Ebrahimzadeh optical frequency metrology and synthesis where they can be employed for precise measurement, comparison, calibration and division of optical frequencies. Such mea- surements are of interest for the extension of optical frequency standards to new spectral regions inaccessible to conventional CW lasers using frequency chains, and are of importance to the fundamental studies of cooled atoms, calibration of atomic clocks and determination of universal constants such as the speed of light. Single- frequency CW OPOs also represent novel technological tools for the detection and measurement of trace-gas concentrations (e.g. CO, SO 2 , CO 2 ) in the atmosphere across the optical spectrum from the visible to the mid-infrared. In compact, all- solid-state, and portable diode-pumped formats, these devices can be highly useful in applications such as environmental sensing, pollution monitoring and air quality control in industrial plants. Other potential applications include engine and combus- tion chemistry, monitoring of gas leaks in urban areas and in oil and gas pipelines, and detection and exploration of underground oil reservoirs. Such devices can also be used for the inspection of bulk and surface quality of infrared optical materials or characterization of optical loss in dielectric and semiconductor media in different spectral regions using interferometric techniques. In high-power configurations, such as SRO and intra-cavity devices, CW OPOs can be useful for a wide range of applications that do not require an extremely high degree of spectral purity and frequency stability in the optical radiation. These include propagation through the atmospheric windows in the infrared, which is important for applications in the defence industry, aircraft safety and security, range finding and laser radar. They can also be of great utility in photomedical applications, including photodynamic therapy and skin surgery. Pulsed nanosecond OPOs have also proved highly effective in spectroscopic appli- cations where, by using spectral narrowing techniques, they have been successfully used for spectroscopy of a variety of gases. Such OPOs are also prime candidates for airborne linear differential absorption radar (LIDAR) for the detection of high- altitude atmospheric gases, the study of the Earth’s ozone layer, or disease diagnosis through breath analysis. In high-power, high-repetition-rate formats, these devices are also promising candidates for laser displays and laser television. In the ultrafast domain, SPPOs are of great interest for the study of many natural events that occur over extremely short time-scales. The extremely short optical pulses together with the spectral selectivity of these devices allow the study of, for example, charge-carrier dynamics in semiconductor materials. These studies are of importance for a number of applications, particularly the assessment of optical switching speeds in telecommunication technology or semiconductor detectors. Such devices can also be extremely useful in photochemistry, for the determination of the dynamics of atomic and molecular motion, vibration and rotation in gases, liquids and solids. In high-power operation, picosecond devices have been used for laser refrigeration and cooling of solids and also offer potential for laser displays and laser television. Ultrafast SPPOs are also useful for applications in surface science, infrared imag- ing and multi-photon microscopy. In ultrashort-pulse femtosecond regime, SPPOs offer unique potential for the extension of optical frequency combs into new spectral regions in the near- and mid-infrared to provide new references for optical frequency chains across the entire optical spectrum. In combination with semiconductor lasers as the pump source, such SPPOs are attractive candidates for applications in time and wavelength division multiplexing in the telecommunications window. The attain- Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A (2003) Parametric light generation 03TA2008/19 ment of high pulse-repetition rates (higher than 10 GHz) and ultrashort pulse dura- tions (less than 20 fs) from SPPOs already points to the viability of these sources for such future applications. Because of their unique coherence properties derived from the intrinsic nature of the parametric process and correlation between the signal and idler photons, OPOs also represent unique optical tools for fundamental studies of non-classical states of light in quantum optics. Such experiments can have important implications for the realization of future generations of lightwave communication networks with enhanced security and reduced error rate using squeezed light. Another important future direction is the development of OPOs in semiconductor waveguide structures based on GaAs technology. This approach, in combination with direct diode laser pumping, offers the potential for highly miniaturized and fully integrated tunable sources that could pave the way for the future generations of integrated photonic networks. The recent demonstrations of nonlinear frequency conversion in semicon- ductor waveguides represent important steps in this direction. Download 377.19 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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