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Frequency 
Complex noun 
phrases 
55 
72 
58 
58 
243
(73.19%) 
A + N 
28 
20 
27 
20 95 (28.61%) 
N + prep + 

11 
27 
15 
17 70 (21.08%) 
N + 
subclause 

18 

14 46 (13.85%) 
N + N 




16 (4.81%) 
Adv + A + N 




6 (1.81%) 
other 




6 (1.81%) 
A + N + N 




3 (0.90%) 
N + N + N 




1 (0.30%) 
Single-word terms 



10 
27
(8.13%) 
Numbers 

10 


27 
(8.13%) 
Proper names 




15 
(4.52%) 
Culture-specific 
items 





(2.41%) 
Idioms 





(2.11%) 
Phrasal verbs 





(1.51%) 
Total 
74 
92 
82 
83 
332 
(100%) 
Complex noun phrases are still, by far, the largest category of difficulties, with 
243 occurrences, representing 73.19% of the difficulties. The three most frequent 
NP patterns, which will be the only patterns investigated here, are “A + N” (95 
occurrences, 39.09% of NPs and 28.61% of all difficulties), “N + prep + N” (70 


Data and methodology 
 
page 51 
occurrences, 28.81% of NPs and 21.08% of all difficulties) and finally, “N + 
subclause” (46 occurrences, 18.93% of NPs and 13.85% of all difficulties). Single-
word terms and numbers are the second most frequent difficulties, with 27 
occurrences each (8.13%), followed by proper names (4.52%). My data analysis 
will focus on these four types of difficulties as they are the most frequent in 
LOCOSSI, and hence allow for generalizations. 
3.4.2 Student interpretations: taxonomy of rendition types 
Once I had identified all the IN difficulties, I went through all the students’ 
interpretations to find out how they had handled them. The majority of interpreters’ 
utterances can be considered as reformulations of prior original utterances and 
can therefore be named renditions (Wadensjö, 1998: 106). By definition, a 
rendition is “a stretch of text corresponding to an utterance voiced by an 
interpreter” and is “a second, and thus, in at least some respect, a new version of 
an original” (ibid.). Interpreters’ renditions can relate to originals in different ways, 
which may form a basis for the classification of renditions into sub-categories. The 
present thesis is based on Wadensjö’s classification of renditions (1998: 106-108), 
to which I added two categories, namely divergent rendition (Amato & Mack, 2011) 
and innovative rendition. Table 7 provides an overview of the taxonomy used, 
together with examples taken from LOCOSSI. 
Table 7 – Taxonomy of renditions, based on Wadensjö (1998) and Amato & Mack 
(2011) 
Type of rendition 
Definition 
Example from LOCOSSI 
Close rendition 
The 
content 
found 
explicitly expressed in the 
rendition must be equally 
found in the preceding 
original 
letters of the Martian 
alphabet > des lettres de 
l’alphabet martien 
(Item #36 – IN01_STU01) 
 


Data and methodology 
 
page 52 

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