Avvalo birinchi grammatik qoidalarni undan so’ng qiladigan xatolarni ko’rib chiqing bu sizni kelasida qilinadigan har qanday xatolardan saqlab qoladi. Uni tugatib test yechish sirlarini yaxshilab o’rganib chiqing
Secrets of Grammar kodi pdf
| im- (+ b/m/p)
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an imbalance, an immoral act, immature behaviour, an impossible situation, an impractical dreamer, wait impatiently | ||||
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ir- (+ r) |
an irrational fear, an irresponsible attitude | |||
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dis- |
a dishonest statement, a violent disagreement, disappearing out of the door, a dislike of flying | |||
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non- |
non-alcoholic drinks, non-stop entertainment, a non-smoking area | |||
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de- |
defrost a fridge, the depopulation of the countryside, the decentralization of government | |||
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b, l, m, p, or r lardan oldin in ishlatmaymiz O’rniga biz il-, im-, va ir ishlatamiz. | ||||
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Odatda biz sifat va fe’lga suffix (ort qo’shimcha) qo’shib ot yasaymiz. Ko’pincha mavhum otlar yasaladi. | ||||
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Verb ➔ noun ending in –ion |
correct ➔ correction, discuss ➔ discussion produce ➔ production, describe ➔ description inform ➔ information, invite ➔ invitation add ➔ addition, repeat ➔ repetition decide ➔ decision, permit ➔ permission | |||
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Verb + -ment |
development, government, movement, payment | |||
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Verb + -ance/-ence |
acceptance, performance; existence, preference | |||
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Verb + -ing |
a building, my feelings | |||
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Adjective +-ness |
blindness, forgetfulness, illness, sadness | |||
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Adjective in –ant/–ent |
distant ➔ distance | |||
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Noun in –ance/-ence |
important ➔ importance absent ➔ absence, silent ➔ silence, violent ➔ violence | |||
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Adjective + -ty/-ity |
certainty, royalty; nationality, stupidity | |||
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Pastdagi suffixes(ort qo’shimchalar) odamlarni jamiyatdagi o’rnini ifoda etuvchi so’zlarni yasaydi |
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Noun/Verb + -er/-or |
builder, driver, footballer, interviewer, lawyer, owner, smoker, walker, writer |
Biz yana –er ko’pkina texnika va ish qurollari nomlarini ifoda etishda ham ishlatamiz. a computer, a food mixer, a heater, a screwdriver, editor, navigator |
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Noun/Verb/Adjective + -ist |
journalist, motorist, nationalist, tourist |
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Verb + -ant/-ent |
assistant, informant, inhabitant, servant correspondent, student |
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Verb + -ee |
addressee, employee, interviewee, payee |
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Noun + -an/-ian |
republican; historian, musician |
Ba’zi millat bildiruvchi sifatlar oxiri–an/-ian, tugaydi e.g. American, Brazilian. |
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Ko’p fe’llar sifatga –ize qo’shish orqali yasaladi. |
Sifatga –en qo’shish orqali ham fe’llar yasaladi | |||
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Adjective + -ize |
centralize, legalize, modernize, popularize, privatize |
Adjective + -en |
brighten, harden, loosen, sharpen, shorten, widen | |
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The ending –ize can also be spelled –ise in British English: centralize/centralise. Some adjectives can be used as verbs, e.g. clear, empty. | ||||
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Adjectives |
NOTES |
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Noun + -al |
industrial, national, natural, original, traditional |
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Noun + -ic |
artistic, energetic, heroic, photographic |
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Noun + -ful |
careful, hopeful, peaceful, powerful, wonderful |
E’tibor bering: –ful qo’shib yasalgan sifatlarni oxirida bitta “l” bo’ladi |
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Noun + -less |
careless, hopeless, powerless, useless, worthless |
-less is a negative ma’no beruvchi suffix. O’zbek tilidagi –siz qo’shimchasigza to’g’ri keladi. Hopeless - umidsiz Hopeless means ‘without hope’. Painful and painless are antonim. |
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Noun + -ous |
courageous, dangerous, famous, luxurious |
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Noun + -y |
greedy, healthy, salty, thirsty, wealthy |
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Noun + -ly |
costly, cowardly, friendly, neighbourly |
Hourly, daily, weekly, va monthly so’zlari ravish yoki sifat bo’lishi mumkin |
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Verb + -ive |
active, effective, exclusive, informative |
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Verb + -ing |
amusing, exciting, surprising |
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Verb + -ed |
amused, excited, surprised |
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Verb + -able/-ible |
acceptable, eatable, excusable, manageable, comprehensible, defensible |
The suffix –able/-ible odatda biror narsani qilina olishini bildiradi. Imkoni borligini This sweater is washable. – Bu kiyim yuvila oladigan yoki yuvish mumkin. (= This sweater can be washed.) Ammo –able/-ible qo’shimchali hamma sifatlarda ham bunaqamas. e.g. pleasurable - yoqimli (= giving pleasure), valuable- qimmatli (= worth a lot), pleasure va value otdan sifat yasalgan fe’ldan emas |
Preposition
Predloglar ot va olmosh yoki otli birikmalarni oldidan qo’llanuvchi so’zlar ular asosan vaqt, o’rin, yo’nalish, munosabat va to’ldiruvchini tanishtirib keladi. Predloglar juda ko’p hatto inglizlar ham bilishmaydi qancha borligini. Ba’zi qoidalar bor ammo doim ham qoidalardan istisnolar juda ko’p uchraydi o’shanchun ko’pincha biror joyda biror predlogni biror so’z bilan ko’rsangiz qanday ishlatilyotgani e’tibor bilan eslab qolishga harakat qiling. Pastda eng kerakli narsalar jadval qilib berilgan yodlab oling.
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AT predlogi aniq vaqt va soatlarga
The train arrives
The party starts
I'll be there at noon or at midday / at dawn
ON predlogi hafta va oy kunlariga
She's working
The interview is
Let's have a coffee
IN predlogi katta davrlar: oylar, fasllar
He'll visit them in
The ski resort is closed
It happened in
At In On bilan ishlatiladigan ba’zi paytlar
At In On + Time
3:30 da etib keladi.
yarim tunda boshlanadi
uyerda peshinda yoki tongda/tushda bo’laman
dushanbada ishlaydi
- Intervyu 29 aprelda.
Juma ertalab kofe ichaylik nisbatan ishlatiladi:
ularga tashrif buyuradi. chang'i kurorti yopiq bo’ladi
16-asrda sodir bo’lgan
nisbatan ishlatiladi:
at 3:30. - Poezd soat
at midnight.- Bazm
/ at dusk. – Men nisbatan ishlatiladi: on Monday – U
on the 29th of April. on Friday morning –
, yillar va asrlarga October.- U Oktyabrda in summer - Yozda
t he 16th century. – U birikmalari:
AT
IN
ON
at dinnertime
at sunrise
at the moment
at the weekend at Christmas*/Easter
at the same time
at present
at sunset
in the Ice Age
in the past/future
in the 1990s
in the morning
in the mornings
in the afternoon(s)
in the evening(s)
in the fall
on Tuesday
on my birthday
on Christmas day
on Halloween
on the 15 June
on our anniversary
on Monday morning on Friday evening
last, next, every, this so’zlari bilan at in on ishlatilamaydi
Call me next weekend(at the nextweekend xato)
Last Friday(on the last Fridayxato)
AT IN ON + PLACE
IN predlogi biror narsaning ichiga nisbatasn ishlatiladi va ichidalikni bildiradi.
I know my book is somewhere in this room. – Bilaman, kitobim shu xonada joylashgan
Come on, we're late - get in the car – Yur, biz kechikdik – mashinaga chiq
Kishilar yig’ilib o’tkazadigan jamoaviy tadbirlar va joylarga nisbatan “AT” predlogi ishlatiladi. At joyga nisbatan “yonida” ma’nosida ham ishlatiladi.
How many people are working at Microsoft? – Microsoftda qancha odam ishlaydi.
The dog came and lay down at (= next to) my feet. – it kelib oyoqlarim yoniga yotdi.
ON yuzaga nisbatan ishlatiladi. Yuzada turgan narsalar ON predlogini oladi.
3. Look at all the books on your desk! - Stolingizdagi barcha kitoblarga qarang!
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IN
ON
AT
in a room – xonada in a town – shaharchada in a river - daryoda in a building – binoda in a country – mamlakatda in a row – qatorda in a garden – bog’da in the water – suvda in a line - chiziqda in a park – parkda in the sea – dengizda in a queue – navbatda, in her purse – cho’ntagida in your hand – qo’lingda in the mountains – tog’larda in your mouth – og’zingda in the front row – old qatorda in a photograph – fotosuratdaDownload 4.01 Mb.
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