Azizdzhan fazilovich babadjanov

Study of the filtration properties of soils in the aeration zone. It was carried out by pouring water into the pits according to the Boldyrev method. Prior to the start of the experiment, monoliths and rock samples from the tested soils were taken from the pit for laboratory determination of particle size distribution, natural moisture content, porosity, salt composition, and filtration coefficient .
To determine the filtration properties of soils vertically at individual points, depending on the genetic, age and lithological differences of the rocks, as well as depending on the hydrogeological conditions, 2-3 experimental fillings were carried out at various depths (0.5-5, Ohm) . These points are mainly confined to exploration pits. Based on the analysis of the obtained data, taking into account the lithological features of the rocks, a schematic map of the filtration parameters of soils in the aeration zone was compiled.
The distribution of various lithological varieties of rocks are combined into separate complexes. The description of the filtration properties of the rocks of the aeration zone of the region is given by the weighted average values of the filtration coefficient, taking into account the lithological composition of the rocks. The values of the filtration coefficient of the rocks that make up the area of work vary over a wide range from 0.1 to 5.0 m/day. Areas with a value of the weighted average filtration coefficient from 0.1 to 0.5 m/day occupy mainly the territory of an alluvial and partially proluvial, proluvial-alluvial flat plain. As a rule, these areas are composed of loams and dense sandy loams, 2-6 m thick, underlain by sands. Loams are heavy, have a filtration coefficient from 0.018 to 0.14 m/day, sandy loam - up to 0.6 m/day. Sands are fine- and medium-grained, have filtration coefficients from 0.8 to 1.0 m/day. The thickness of the aeration zone varies from south to west from 2 m to 6 m.
Areas with a weighted average filtration coefficient from 0.5 to 1.0 m/day occupy about 30% of the entire territory and are concentrated in the eastern part of the proluvial plain and the central part of the alluvial plain. In the east, these are: loess-like sandy loams, 25.40 m thick, in the central part - loams and sandy loams, 2-5 m thick. Loess-like sandy loams, have filtration coefficients from 0.5 to 1.2 m / day; loam - from 0.104 to 0.24 m/day; heavy sandy loam - from 0.2 to 0.4 m / day. The thickness of the aeration zone in the east is 10-15 m, in the north 4-5 m, in the south up to 7 m. Areas with a filtration coefficient of 1.0 to 2.0 m/day are common in various parts of the study area. Most of the site is located within the alluvial plain and the north-north-western parts of the alluvial-proluvial flat-hilly plain.
The constituent rocks in the west and north-west are represented by loams, sandy loams and sands with a thickness of 1-6 m, and in the west by loess-like sandy loams with a thickness of 18-25 m. .5 m/day; uneven-grained sands - 8-10 m / day. The thickness of the aeration zone in the north and north-west is 8-9 m, in the central - 5-8 m and in the eastern part - 15-20 m. Areas with a filtration coefficient value of 2 to 3 m / day occupy in the south - the foothill plain (Alyaudintau mountains ), an alluvial-proluvial flat-hilly plain and a small area of alluvial plain. In the south, the constituent rocks of this area are represented by sands, sandy loams with a thickness of 1-2 m, sandstones lie below, in the west - sands and sandy loams - 4-15 m, in the central part - loams, sandy loams 3-4 m 2 to 2 m/day, uneven-grained sands - from 6 to 10 m/day. Sandstones of the tandyrchinskaya suite have a filtration coefficient of 3-4 m/day. The thickness of the aeration zone in the south is more than 20 m, in the west and in the central part it varies from 3 to 7 m.
Areas with a weighted average filtration coefficient of 3 to 5 m/day are common in some places. They are found mainly in the south, southeast and southwest of the region, and occupy a sandy -wavy and alluvial-proluvial plain. The lithological structure of the site includes loess-like sandy loams and inequigranular sands, with inclusions of gravel. Loess-like sandy loams have a filtration coefficient of 1.2-2.0 m/day, inequigranular sands - 3-10 m/day. The thickness of the aeration zone in the north is 5-6 m, in the central part - 3-4 m, in the south and east - up to 20 m. 35 m/day
The study of the filtration properties of water-saturated rocks in the upper part of the aquifer (up to a depth of 50 m) , given the great diversity of the lithological composition of the rocks of the study area, the experimental bushes were located with the calculation of a uniform study of the filtration properties of various genetic and lithological soil differences. Experimental bushes were equipped next to exploratory wells for manual and core drilling. The experimental cluster consisted of 3 wells, one central (experimental) and two observation, located along one beam directed perpendicular to the direction of groundwater flow
The distance of observation wells from the central one was taken depending on water-bearing rocks and was 1 and 2.5 m for water-bearing sandy loams and loams, 1.5 and 3 m for fine-grained sands, and 2 and 5 m for fine-grained sands. cases was 6-8%. The frames of the filters were covered with a mesh of galloon weaving of various numbers. When installing filters in sandy-loamy rocks, gravel backfilling was carried out. During the drilling of central wells, rock samples were taken from the aquifer for laboratory determination of particle size distribution.
Before the start of pumping and at the end of the third lowering, water samples were taken from experimental wells for chemical analysis. Pumping out was carried out with 3 depressions with a duration of 9-12 br / cm on each. At the end of each lowering, observations were made to restore the level in all wells of the cluster. The calculation of the filtration coefficient was carried out according to the formulas for perfect wells.