Azizdzhan fazilovich babadjanov

Grading. Granulometric analysis was carried out for unconsolidated sand and clay rocks. Its results were used to classify these rocks according to fractions of mechanical composition, to approximate the calculation of the filtration coefficient, and to establish other physical properties of soils. In addition, granulometric analysis was carried out to obtain individual fractions of constituent rocks for the purpose of their further analysis - chemical, mineralogical, petrographic, etc. granulometric composition of soils.
Mineralogical composition. The study of the mineralogical composition of Quaternary and partially Neogene deposits was carried out in fractions with a particle size of 0.1-0.05, followed by isolation in heavy Thule liquid with a specific gravity of less than 2.9 for light and more than 2.9 for heavy fractions. At the same time, to determine the carbonate content, the selected samples were pre-treated with 10% hydrochloric acid. Eluvial-deluvial and deluvial-proluvial undissected Quaternary deposits, which compose a strongly dissected ridged upland, are carbonatized in the range from 25 to 65%. In terms of carbonate content, these deposits differ sharply from the underlying deposits of the Neogene. So for deposits of the Upper Neogene N ₂ ^tn carbonate values range from 7.5% to 20.5%, on average from 13.2% to 17%.
Soil salinity. The study of soil salinity was carried out by taking rock samples for chemical analysis of water extracts, which were prepared at a ratio of soil to water of 1:10. Samples were taken by furrow method, mainly through depth intervals: 0.0-0.5; 0.5-1.0; 1.0-1.5; 1.5-2.0; 2.0-2.5; 2.5-3.0 from all exploration pits, from other workings up to a depth of 50 m, in some cases - up to 300 m (from core core drilling).
As a result of the study of a large number (1185) analyzes of water extracts, a map of soil salinity was compiled on a scale of 1: 50,000, where soil salinity is shown for three horizons lying from the earth's surface at depth intervals of 0.0-1.0; 1.0-2.0; 2.0-3.0. The map is based on two indicators of soil salinity - the degree and nature of salinization. The degree of salinity was determined by the content of solid residue and chlorine in the soil, and the nature of salinity was determined according to the classification adopted by the Sredazgiprovodkhlopok Institute. This map shows that the distribution of the degree and nature of soil salinization as a whole obeys a certain regularity, depending on the genetic type and age complex of deposits.
The nature of salinity is sulfate, with a high content of chlorides, calcium and chloride - with a high content of calcium sulfate. Non-saline soils up to a depth of 3 m are represented by sandy loams and loams, with rare interlayers of sand, the Amudarya and Sukaita formations. The depth of groundwater is from 1 to 15 m.
Slightly saline soils are distributed mainly on the alluvial flat plain and in a narrow strip on the sandy-wavy and slightly wavy plains, as well as on the watersheds of the proluvial-wavy plain. They are represented by sandy loams and loams. The depth of occurrence of GW is different; on the alluvial flat plain it is from 3 to 20 m, on sandy flat and slightly undulating plains - from 5 to 40 m, on the watersheds of the proluvial plain and strongly dissected ridged upland - by 30-70 m and even more than 100 m. Weakly saline soils are characterized a dense residue of less than 0.3% in the presence of chlorine from 0.01 to 1.0%, or a dense residue of 0.3 to 1% in the presence of chlorine less than 0.01%. From a depth of 1-2 m and below, the soils become medium and highly saline. The nature of salinization is different: on the alluvial-flat plain it is chloride with a high content of calcium sulfate, on sandy plains and dissected ridges - sulfate with a high content of calcium chlorides, on the watersheds of the proluvial undulating plain - chloride with a high content of sodium sulfates
soils are common on highly dissected ridged flat and slightly undulating proluvial, as well as sandy, slightly undulating plains. The soils are represented by sandy loams, more rarely loams with sand interbeds. GW occur at a depth of 1 to 10 m. Their dense residue ranges from 0.3 to 1.0% in the presence of chlorine more than 0.1%; dense residue - from 1.0 to 2.0% and chlorine more than 0.01%, or with a dense residue of 2 to 3% chlorine less than 0.1%. From a depth of 1-2m and deeper, the degree of salinity remains unchanged, rarely turning into solonchaks. In alluvial and deluvial deposits developed in the foothills of Alyaudintau, Karakyr, Saksandar, etc., the amount of readily soluble salts increases with depth. The largest accumulation of readily soluble salts was noted at the contact of alluvial and deluvial deposits with the underlying sandstones of the Guzar Formation of the Upper Neogene. At this contact, there are interlayers of contaminated gypsum with a thickness of 0.3-0.5 m. The dense residue of water-soluble salts in these places exceeds 2%, according to the type of salinity, the soils belong to proper sulfate soils with a high content of calcium chlorides, to sulfate-calcium ones. As you go deeper into the Neogene sandstones, the amount of soluble salts decreases.
The soils are represented by heavy sandy loams and loams. GW occur on the accumulative-deltaic plain at a depth of 1 to 5 m from the earth's surface, and on the proluvial-wavy plain - from 50 to 100 m . with layers of contaminated gypsum 0.5-0.7 m thick. In the Charagyl depression, in its northern part, soil salinity decreases with depth from solonchaks to highly saline soils, the sulfate type with a high content of calcium chlorides predominates in the character of salinization; in the southern part of the Charagyl depression along the bottom of large depressions, salinity remains unchanged - solonchak with chloride salinity prevails, with a high content of sodium sulfates.
In conclusion, it should be noted that the region is characterized by a relatively lower content of dense residue in the rocks of the accumulative -deltaic plain, occurring to a depth of 0.5-1.0 m. At a depth of 0.5-1.0 m, there is a slight increase in the salts, as a result of their washing out from the overlying strata by atmospheric precipitation. This eluvial horizon in the watershed areas lies close to the surface of the earth, deeper at the bottom of the hollows. Below the eluvial horizons, a slight decrease in the amount of readily soluble salts is noted. Based on the results of the analysis of the hydrochloric acid extract, the content of gypsum in the deposits of the Quaternary and Neogene age was also determined. The most gypsum-bearing are eluvial-deluvial, deluvial-proluvial and proluvial deposits occurring on the surface of a strongly dissected ridged upland and proluvial undulating plain. The gypsum content in them ranges from 0.53 to 43.1%, often above 25% and averages 31% of the dry weight of the rock.
The second place in terms of gypsum content is occupied by proluvial deposits, which make up the bottom of large hollows that cut through a wavy, strongly dissected plain composed of sediments of the Sukaita Formation. In them, the amount of gypsum varies from 0.15 to 19.65%, which is 5.54% on average. In the proluvial loesses of the Karnab Formation, the amount of gypsum varies from 0.11 to 2.92%, averaging 1.25%. The lowest content of gypsum is noted in the proluvial - alluvial deposits of the Sukaita and Amudarya formations, which form the flat plain of the modern river delta. Kashkadarya. The gypsum content in them varies from 0.017 to 4.04%, on average - 0.73%. In general, a decrease in the content of gypsum is observed in the region from the southeastern foothill plain to the northwest, towards the accumulative deltaic plain.