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1994 Book DidacticsOfMathematicsAsAScien
and methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Fischbein, E. (1963). Conceptele Figurale [in Roumanian]. Bucuresti: Editura Academiei, R.S.R. Fischbein, E., Deri, M., Nello, M. S., & Marino, M. S. (1985). The role of implicit models in solving verbal problems in multiplication and division. Journal of Research in Mathematics Education, 16 (1), 3-17. Fischbein, E., Tirosh, D., & Melamed, U. (1981). Is it possible to measure the intuitive acceptance of a mathematical statement? Educational Studies in Mathematics, 12, 491- 512. Kieran, C. (1981). Concepts associated with the equality symbol. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 12, 317-326. Linchevski, L., & Vinner, Sh. (1988). The naive concept of sets in elementary teachers. Proceedings of the Twelth International Conference, Psychology of Mathematics Education (Vol. 2.) Vezprem, Hungary. Mariotti, M. A. (1992). Imagini e concetti in geometria. L'Insegnamento della Matematica e delle Scienze Integrate, 15(9), 863-885. Maurer, S. B. (1987). New knowledge about errors and new views about learners: What they mean to educators and what more educators would like to know. In A. H. REFERENCES EFRAIM FISCHBEIN Schoenfeld (Ed.), Cognitive science and mathematics education (pp. 165-188). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Resnik, L. B. (1983). Procédure et compréhension en arithmétique élémentaire. Seminaire de Didactique de Mathématiqe 1982-1983. Grenoble: IMAG. Tirosh, D., Graeber, A. D., & Glover, R. M. (1986). Preservice teachers' choice of operation for multiplication and division word problems. Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference, Psychology of Mathematics Education (pp. 57-62). London: University of London Institute of Education Vinner, Sh, (1991). The role of definitions in the teaching and learning of mathematics. In D. Tall (Ed.), Advanced mathematical thinking (pp. 65-79). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer. 245 FROM PIAGET'S CONSTRUCTIVISM TO SEMANTIC NETWORK THEORY: APPLICATIONS TO MATHEMATICS EDUCATION - A MICROANALYSIS Gerhard Steiner Basel 1. FROM PIAGET'S "STRUCTURES D'ENSEMBLE" TO "SEMANTIC NETWORKS" AND MORE OF THESE CONCEPTUAL TRANSITIONS Many discussions have been led on whether or not Piaget's theory has sub- stantially contributed to school education: to planning, implementing, and evaluating both instruction and learning. It is, indeed, not self-evident that Piaget's developmental or epistemological concepts lead to a better under- standing of academic learning and achievement. While some of his concepts are still used vividly and do have a long-lasting influence on educational activities (assimilation and accommodation, schema, schema construction), others have undergone some kind of a metamorphosis in the new "psy- chotope" of current cognitive psychology (structure d'ensemble, mise en relation), and still others have been abandoned or even forgotten (e.g., the INRC group). The "schema" concept and the concept of "schema construction" re- mained almost unchanged, although Rumelhart and Norman (1973, 1976; Rumelhart, 1978) have elaborated the schema concept and have tried to give it more processual precision. The concept of "schema" in Piaget's sense cannot be discussed without mentioning in parallel the concept of "opera- tion." When working with children during the transition from preoperational to concrete-operational stages, it becomes clear that higher developmental structures (recognizable on the grounds of particular combinations of schemata) result from what Piaget called "abstraction a partir de l'action" (abstraction from one's own actions). This gives the action a particular sig- nificance in the context of this chapter, especially with regard to mathemati- cal thinking, for example, when poor math students are trying to solve problems just by manipulating mathematical symbols. Actions of an indi- vidual may be internalized, becoming optimally reversible and flexible in their use; this transforms them, according to Piaget, into "operations" that, in turn, do not exist as isolated processual units but are organized into R. Biehler, R. W. Scholz, R. Sträßer, B. Winkelmann (Eds.), Download 5.72 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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