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1994 Book DidacticsOfMathematicsAsAScien
mathematics education by David Robitaille and Cynthia Nicol uses a some-
what different research methodology: the traditional type of comparative analysis widely used by social science – applied in an international compari- son of educational systems and the teaching and learning of mathematics herein. The paper presents the major attempts to describe the vast variety of types of mathematics teaching and learning produced by the cultural, histor- ical, and political factors and decisions – a description that relies heavily on the global application of comparative studies in education. Trends in com- parative education in the 19th and 20th century (from qualitative to quanti- tative methods) already show changes in the research methodology applied within this part of didactics of mathematics – with the increase of variables taken into account as the fundamental strategy to cope with the global vari- ation of mathematics education. Case studies on regional details (e.g., com- parisons of two or three national systems of education) or specific questions such as qualitative investigations of student performance or classroom pro- cesses are seen as complements to the use of questionnaires given to stu- dents, teachers, principals, and system-level experts. The construction of problem situations that are culturally appropriate but are also general enough to enable meaningful international comparisons of the results bring back problems to the research agenda that are studied in the other three pa- pers of this chapter. If we review the four papers in this chapter, a difference between them is most striking: the first three papers (by Robitaille & Nicol, Jahnke, and Noss) are more or less descriptive ones – with Robitaille and Nicol using a synchronic approach to show the cultural framing of teaching and learning mathematics – whereas Jahnke (more) and Noss (or less) use a case study approach. In contrast, larger parts of the very last paper by d'Ambrosio are written in a prescriptive mode, identifying goals and measures to be taken. A conclusion in the paper by Jahnke could be taken as a global remark from research on the cultural framing of teaching and learning mathematics. The conflict about the everyday practical applications reveals one of the most essential functions fulfilled by culture with regard to (mathematics) educa- tion: Just as the everyday practical applications represent the contemporary interests of politicians, parents, and students, the demand to teach theoreti- cal mathematics may anticipate the future. The (partly political) struggle between the two positions is multidimensional and fed by disciplinary, sci- entific, ideological, and cultural values. It is culture that, for society, makes possible the dialogue with the future, and this is what determines its deci- sive importance for education. 402 REFERENCES Blankertz, H. (1969). Theorien und Modelle der Didaktik (2nd ed.). München: Juventa. Lave, J. (1988). Cognition in practice. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. COMPARATIVE INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH IN MATHEMATICS EDUCATION David Robitaille and Cynthia Nicol Vancouver 1. INTRODUCTION Comparative international research in mathematics education is an impor- tant and developing field. From studies conducted during the early 1900s describing the organization of mathematics instruction to current studies measuring students’ mathematics achievement, comparative research within an international context has received a great deal of attention. Results from comparative international research have provided researchers, policymakers, and educators worldwide with opportunities to explore alternatives to mathematics curriculum and instruction and to compare student attitudes and achievement within an international context. In addition, such studies provide valuable international perspectives for current national discussions and debates on the development of efficient, effective, and qualitative math- ematics education. A discussion of the developments, directions, and methodologies of comparative international research will provide insight into the importance of comparative studies and into the uses and implications of cross-cultural differences in the teaching and learning of mathematics. R. Biehler, R. W. Scholz, R, Sträßer, B. Winkelmann (Eds.), Download 5.72 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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