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1994 Book DidacticsOfMathematicsAsAScien
algebraic mathematical network. This concept allows for a microanalysis of
algebraic-mathematical thinking. It provides an approach for preparing mathematical problems in such a way that the student's schema is actively modified. Steiner's goal is to foster a learner's autonomy in tackling alge- braic problems when applying the Piagetian schema concept and progres- sive network analysis. Through a sequence of tasks prepared by the teacher, the student is influenced progressively and thus introduced to a freshly cre- ated and activated micronetwork. This progression of new (accomodated) networks provides an elaboration of the algebraic mathematical network. How algebraic mathematical network analysis may be applied in the classroom is demonstrated by a pilot study on secondary school students. Thus Steiner shows how Piagetian theory may be used for the derivation of didactical practice in dealing with trinominals. The methodological difficul- ties of judging and measuring the change of mathematical network analysis are briefly discussed. Joachim Lompscher is one of the collaborators and scholars of Galperin, Davydow, and Rubinstein. One may say that Rubinstein (1958) developed the philosophical basis of Soviet Psychology (cf. Goldberg, 1978). He demonstrated that, during the transition from an act's connection with practi- cal experience to its association with theoretical thought, a reorientation oc- curs. That is, practical activity is an extremely important stimulus for the formation of thought. By combining these ideas with those from the Geneva School and with that of the Sociohistorical School of Leont'ev and Vygotsky, the classroom experience is conceived of as a part of the social relation of the student and a constituent of the subject-object relation for both, that is, for cognitive development and for teaching. Due to the current fundamental changes in political and national systems in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, the further development of this theory in these countries is questionable. The selected contributions and learning-teaching experiments reviewed by Joachim Lompscher were dis- continued in the late 1980s. Three branches of the Sociohistorical School are concisely described and discussed. In Lompscher's paper on the socio- historical school and the acquisition of mathematics, the didactical experi- ments of Galperin provide an interpretation and application of Vygotsky's concept of internalization or interiorization. According to this approach, the solving of tasks has to be organized on various levels of activity in order to become internalized. Starting from material activity, the learner should pro- ceed by verbalizing for others via verbalizing for oneself and end up with a nonverbal mental level. Thus, Galperin provides sequences of proximal de- 228 velopment for the learner. The core idea of Davydow's interpretation is the principle of ascending from the abstract to the concrete. In his teaching ex- periments, students start working with symbols and graphical models, thus recognizing the general structure and relationships, and finally may apply them to the concrete mathematical object, for instance, natural numbers. In his own series of studies, Lompscher has investigated the course of discov- ery of connections in the representation of verbal statements on real situa- tions. In his teaching experiments, he leads students through different stages of activities in coping with structures of text problems ending up with an in- dependent coping with objects of learning as a result of goal formation, in- formation and strategy sampling, and so forth. Download 5.72 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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