Boshlang'ich sinflarda matematika o'qitish metodikasi
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a + b -
to ‘g ‘ri t o ‘rtb u rch ak q o'shni to m o n larin in g yigMndisi, P = 2 - (a + b) - perim etri. 251 T o ‘g ‘'ri to ‘trb u rch ak n in g perim etri uning q o ‘shni tom onlari u zu n lik larin in g y ig ‘indisidan ikki m arta kattadir. M asalan , tom onlari u zunliklari 3 sm va 5 sm b o ‘lgan to ‘g ‘ri to ‘rtb urchakning perim etri P = 2 ( 3 + 5) = 2 - 8 = 16 (sm ) Y oki P = 2-3 + 2-5 = 6 + 10 = 16 (sm ) kabi hisoblanadi. 3 + 5 = 8 (sm ) - to ‘g ‘ri to ‘rtb u rch ak q o ‘shni tom onlari u zunliklari yigN ndisi, P = 2 • S = 16 (sm ) - uning p e rim etri. 6 . T o ‘g ‘ri to lrtb u rch ak q o ‘shni tom onlari u zunliklari y ig ‘indisi 19 sm . S h u to ‘g ‘ri to ‘rtb u rch ak n in g p erim etrin i toping. 7. T o ‘g ‘ri to ‘rtb u rch ak n in g perim etri 64 sm , b ir tom oni ikkinchi to m o n id an 3 m arta uzun. U n in g tom onlarini toping. 8 . T o ‘g ‘ri to lrtb urchakning perim etri 36 sm , b ir tom oni ikkinchi to m o n id an 2 m arta qisqa. U ning tom onlarini toping. 9. T o ‘g ‘ri to ‘rtb u rch ak n in g b ir tom oni uzunligi 10 sm. Ikkinchi tom oni esa u n d an 5 sm uzun. U n in g p erim etrin i toping. 10. T om oni uzunligi 4 sm b o ig a n kv ad rat y o n ig a y an a shunday 2 ta k v ad rat q o ‘ying. H osil b o i g a n t o ‘g ‘ri to 'rtb u rch ak n in g p e rim etrin i hisoblang. 11. T o ‘g ‘ri to ‘rtb u rch ak n in g tom onlari uzunligi 9 sm v a 15 sm. P erim etri shu to ‘g ‘ri to ‘rtburchak p erim etrig a ten g b o ig a n k v ad rat n ing tom onini toping. Н атта tom onlari ten g b o ig a n to ‘g ‘ri to ‘rtb u rch ak k v ad rat d e y iladi. K vad ratn in g perim etri P = a + a + a + a= 4 a b o ia d i. KLM N - k v ad rat (rasm ga qarang). M asalan, tom oni 3 sm b o i gan k v ad ratn in g perim etri P = 4 • 3 = 12 (sm ) b o ia d i. 12. T om onlari uzunliklari 4 sm v a 6 sm b o i g a n 2 ta t o ‘g ‘ri to ‘rtburchakni yon m a-y o n va ustm a-ust q o ‘y ish m um kin. H osil b o i gan yangi to ‘g ‘ri to ‘rtb u rch ak lam in g perim etrini a lo h id a-alo h id a h isoblang, 13. a) a + b = 10 b o i s a , ja d v a ln i to id ir in g . Q aysi h o ld a a • b k o lpaytm a en g katta q iy m atg a ega b o ia d i? a 1 . 2 7 9 b 7 6 5 4 2 a + b 10 10 10 10 10 a ■ b 16 24 24 16 252 14. K vad ratn in g perim etri: a) 4 0 sm ; b) 100 sm ; d) 6 0 sm ; e) 72 sm b o ‘lsa, uning tom oni u zu n lig in i toping. 15. T o ‘g ‘ri to ‘rtb u rch ak n in g asosi uzunligi 3 sm 5 m m , baland- ligi 2 sm 5 m m . U n in g p erim etrini toping. 16. T o ‘g ‘ri to ‘rtb u rch ak n in g q o ‘shni tom onlari u zu n lik larin in g y ig ‘indisi 10 sm 8 m m . U n in g perim etrini toping. 17. K v ad ratn in g tom oni uzunligi: a) 4sm 5 m m ; b) 3sm 8 m m . U n in g p erim etrin i toping. 18. T o ‘g ‘ri to ‘rtb u rch ak n in g asosi u zunligi 6 sm 5 m m , balan d - ligi 8 sm 5 m m . Perim etri shu to ‘g ‘ri to ‘rtburchak p erim etrig a ten g boMgan k v ad ratn in g tom oni uzu n lig in i toping. Y u z oM chov b ir lik la r i Y uz o lch o v birligi sifatida b irlik k v ad ratn in g yuzi qabul qilinadi. T o m o n in in g uzunligi 1 m m boMgan k v ad ratn in g yuzi 1 m m 2. T o m o n in in g uzunligi 1 sm boM gan k v ad ratn in g yuzi 1 sm 2. T o m o n in in g uzunligi 1 d m boMgan k v ad ratn in g yuzi 1 d m 2. T o m o n in in g uzunligi 1 m boMgan k v ad ratn in g yuzi 1 m 2. T o m o n in in g uzu n lig i 1 km boMgan k v ad ratn in g yuzi 1 k m 2 boMadi. T o m o n i uzunligi 10 m boMgan k v ad ratn in g yuzi 1 ar deyiladi. 1 a r = 10 m • 10 m = 100 m 2; 1 ar = 100 m 2. T o m o n i uzunligi 100 m boMgan k v ad ratn in g yuzi b ir g ek tar boMadi. 1 g a = 100 m • 100 m = 10 000 m 2; 1 g a = 100 ar Y uz oMchov birliklari orasida quyidagi m u n o sab atlar bor: 1 sm 2 = 1 sm • Ism = 10 m m • 10 m m = 100 m m 2 1 d m 2 = 1 d m • 1 dm = 10 sm • 10 sm = 100 sm 2 1 m 2= 1 m -1 m = 10 dm ■ 10 d m = 100 d m 2 1 m 2= 1 m • 1 m = 100 sm • 100 sm = 10 000 sm 2 1 k m 2= 1 km • 1 km = 1 000 m -1 000 m = 1 000 000 m 2 1. Jad v aln i diq q at bilan kuzating: 1 - qator 1 mm 1 sm 1 dm 1 m 10 m 100 m 1 km 2 - qator 1 mm 2 , 2 1 sm 1 dm 2 1 m 2 1 ar 1 ga 1 km 2 253 a) ja d v a ln in g 1 -q ato rid ag i uzunlik birlig m i o ‘zidan keyingi uzu n lik birlig ig a o ‘tish u chun nech a m arta o rttirish kerak? b) 2 -qatordagi y u z birligini o ‘zidan keyingi y u z birlig ig a o ‘tish u chun n ech a m arta o rttirish kerak? 2. F erm em ing b o g ‘i b o ‘yi 600 m, eni 500 m boMgan to ‘g ‘ to ‘rt- burchak shaklida. Bog yuzini gektar, a r va kvadrat m etrda ifoda-lang. 3. A so sin in g uzunligi a= 4 sm va b alan d lig i 6=5 sm boMgan to ‘g ‘ri to 'rtb u rch ak n i b ar b ir q a tla m id a 4 ta k v ad rat boMgan 5 ta qat- lam ga ajratildi, sh u n d a to ‘g ‘ri to 'rtb u rch ak to m o n in in g uzu n lig i 1 sm boMgan 4 • 5 = 20 ta birlik kv ad ratg a ajraladi. Y a ’ni, bu to ‘rtburchakning yuzi S = 4 • 5 = 20 sm 2 ga teng boMadi. K v ad rat - tom onlari o ‘zaro ten g to ‘g ‘ri to ‘rtb u rch ak boMgani uchun uning yuzi S = a a = a 2 (k v ad rat b irlik ) form ulaga k o 'ra h iso b la nadi. 4. A so sin in g uzunligi 6 sm , b alandligi 4 sm boMgan to ‘g ‘ri t o 'r t b u rch ak n in g yu zin i toping. Y echish. S = a • b fo rm u lag a k o ‘ra: a = 6 sm , b = 4 sm boMgani uchun: S =6 sm • 4 sm = 24 sm 2. Javob: 24 sm 2. 5. A so sin in g u zunligi a = 10 sm , b alan d lig i b = 6 sm 4 m m boM gan to 'rtb u rc h a k n in g y uzini toping. Y echish. T o ‘g ‘ri to 'rtb u rc h a k to m o n larin i b ir xil uzu n lik b irlig id a ifodalab olam iz: 10 sm = 100 m m ; 6 sm 4 m m = 60 m m + 4 m m = 64 m m . Download 7.79 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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