CRediT authorship contribution statement
Zihan Zhu: Conceptualization, Methodology, Data curation, Visu-
alization, Writing – original draft. Yanyan Guo: Formal analysis,
Writing – review & editing. Youcai Zhao: Conceptualization, Funding
acquisition, Writing – review & editing. Tao Zhou: Conceptualization,
Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing, Supervision.
Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial
interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence
the work reported in this paper.
Acknowledgments
This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science
Foundations of China (Nos. 51878470 and 52000143), and the Social
Development Program of Science and Technology Committee Founda-
tion of Shanghai (No. 21DZ1201502).
Appendix A. Supplementary data
Supplementary data to this article can be found online at
https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.134812
.
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Table 2
Oxide composition of raw and carbonated FA samples measured by XRF.
Oxide type
CaO
(wt.%)
Na
2
O
(wt.%)
SO
3
(wt.%)
K
2
O
(wt.%)
SiO
2
(wt.%)
Al
2
O
3
(wt.%)
ZnO
(wt.%)
Fe
2
O
3
(wt.%)
MgO
(wt.%)
PbO
(wt.%)
CuO
(wt.%)
CdO
(wt.%)
Uncarbonated FA
41.95
9.5
8.62
7.84
2.12
0.69
0.52
0.43
0.19
0.06
0.02
0.01
4.5 h carbonated FA
37.20
7.09
6.95
7.01
2.89
0.66
1.03
1.16
0.58
0.26
0.06
0.02
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