Fig : channel length modulation graph
2. Hot carrier effects:
Hot carriers are the high kinetic energy carriers.
As the short channel devices have V
DS
increasing there by high electric field
is generated which
leads electrons to flow from source to drain with high kinetic energy these carriers due to high
electric field has tendency to break the bond and move to oxide
layer from semiconductor
channel leading to increase in electron concentration in oxide layer thus we see existence of
charge leading to I
G
not equal to 0A.
This non - zero I
G
makes the device input impedance to decrease.
The electrons that have to reach the gate get trapped in oxide forming a negative charge in the
oxide layer thus increasing V
T
so V
GS
has to be increased to nullify this hot carrier effect.
3. Drain Induced barrier lowering:
As the channel
length is small and V
DS
is kept increasing thus the depletion region of the drain is
increased and thus the electric field increases.
This depletion region causes an electric field around the source due to the
charges present in the
drain. These charges reduce the junction of source thus known as drain induced barrier lowering
as the drain charges are the cause of the reduction in source junction.
Due to presence of charges in the channel region there happens to see the
reduction in V
T
.
This effect where the channel region is completely getting occupied by depletion regions and
resulting in high
electric fields is called the Punch through effect.
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