Commercial biogas plants: Review on operational parameters and guide for performance optimization
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Nomenclature
AD Anaerobic digestion AnMBRs Anaerobic membrane bioreactors BMP Biochemical methane potential C/N Carbon to nitrogen ratio CaO Calcium oxide CFD Computational fluid dynamics CH 4 Methane CHP Combined heat and power CO 2 Carbon dioxide COD Chemical oxygen demand CSTR Continuous stirred tank reactor DIET Direct interspecies electron transfer EPS Extracellular polymer substances FAN Free ammonia nitrogen FW Food waste GHG Greenhouse gas HRT Hydraulic retention time Kg VS⋅m − 3 ⋅ d -1 Kilogram VS per m 3 per day LCFA Long chain fatty acid MC Moisture content MSW Municipal solid waste NH 4 + Ammonium NPs Nanoparticles OLR Organic loading rate PFR Plug-flow reactor SMP Specific methane production SRT Sludge retention time TS Total solid VFAs Volatile fatty acids VS Volatile solid Fig. 1. Overview of the number of medium- and large-scale biogas plants in Europe (2009–2019) and China (2009–2016) [6,7] . D. Wu et al. Fuel 303 (2021) 121282 3 operational parameters of AD can enhance the activity and growth of key anaerobic microorganisms, potentially resulting in significantly improved process stability and biogas yield [2,24] . More importantly, from the perspective of commercial operation, the manipulation of operational parameters is more feasible and practicable in comparison with the other approaches listed in Table 1 , such as bioaugmentation and nanoparticles. Considering the state of research into the optimal configuration and adjustment of the operational parameters of AD in a commercial setting, as outlined above, a review of the general operational status and per- formance of commercial medium- and large-scale biogas plants is firstly provided. Next, the correlation among each commonly used operational parameter and overall AD performance is systematically elaborated. The influence of related upstream approaches on operational parameters is involved, and corresponding suggestions are provided. Finally, areas for future research are proposed in terms of technical and management requirements for optimizing the utilization of process capacity and preventing potential system failures. The purpose of this manuscript is to critically analyze the obstacles encountered in the field of commercial biogas plants and provide guidance for the optimization of such plants. Download 1.11 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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