Content s introduction chapter methodical basis of translation theory

The theoretical value of the graduation qualification paper studies to elaborate principles that explain and predict the linguistic, cognitive, cultural, and ideological phenomena inherent in the process of transferring a written text from the source language to the target language in a specific sociocultural context.
The practical value of the graduation qualification paper involves creating methodological recommendations for translation theory in specific sphere and select suitable words for translation in literature.


CHAPTER 1.METHODICAL BASIS OF TRANSLATION THEORY
1.1 The consequence of main aspect of theoretical translation.

Translation has been a critical aspect of human history concerning effective communication between individuals and cultures. Historical records indicate that translators, who were responsible for the first translation practices, had an enormous task of ensuring the delivery of diverse cultural and religious texts to other cultures. Discussion on translation can be traced back to ancient scholars such as Cicero and Horace from the 1st century BC. In the 4th century, St. Jerome’s Bible translation approaches greatly influenced translations of subsequent written texts. However, Bible translations inadvertently resulted in ideological divisions in Western Europe. Despite this, translation has maintained its importance as a branch called foreign language teaching due to its challenging nature of teaching a foreign language without involving translation.

According to Munday (2012, p.11), there are four key factors indicating the increasing importance and momentum of translation-related studies. These four factors have sparked a debate between two fields: professional translation and theoretical research, which includes more abstract examination.
Translation has always been an essential aspect of humanity, evidenced in the earliest historical records of translation. The first translation practitioners took on a momentous task of ensuring the delivery of cultural and divine texts to other cultures. Cicero and Horace from ancient times discussed translation, while St. Jerome’s Bible translation approaches in the 4th century had a lasting influence on translations of written texts in subsequent years. Despite this, there is no denying that Bible translations set the stage for religious and ideological conflicts in Western Europe and beyond.
Notably, translation continues to be significant today, maintaining its importance as a branch of foreign language teaching. Teaching a foreign language without involving translation is difficult. According to Munday (2012), four key factors emphasize the increasing importance and momentum of translation-related studies. These factors include a continuous surge in the translation market, concerns over translation quality caused by rapidly advancing technologies, professional translation practices, and theories, and recognition that translation blurs the boundaries of language and culture. Consequently, there is a debate currently taking place between professional translation and theoretical research.
As previously stated, Bible translations helped facilitate conflicts of religion and ideology. Although this may present a partially negative view of translation's impact, a more positive perspective acknowledges the universality of language that allows individuals from different cultures to communicate and share knowledge. Anthropologists, historians, and sociologists recognize the significance of translations and translators. Additionally, translation remains indispensable in visual arts, such as theater, film, and literature, allowing access to pieces originating from other cultures.
As the world grows more interconnected, translation remains an essential tool enabling communication between cultures. The increasing importance of translation can likely be attributed to several factors, such as the growth of the global translation market, concerns about translation quality through new and rapidly advancing technologies, and theories about the nature of translation itself. Amid this changing landscape, the role of translation has shifted from a practical one to a more theoretical position. This shift raises some important questions, such as whether theoretical approaches can optimize the role of translation. There is also a continued debate among scholars concerning professional translation and theoretical research².

Translation has played an essential role in human history and continues to do so today. Although it has experienced its fair share of criticism, with the negative aspects centering around possibly creating ideological clashes, translations have allowed multiple cultures and people to communicate and share knowledge, and it remains a crucial tool in today's interconnected world.

Academic scholars at the Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences have created several works discussing the development of literary translation in Uzbekistan. These include "The Progress of Literary Translation in Uzbekistan" (1986), "Translation in Uzbekistan" (1988), and "A History of Literary Translation in Uzbekistan" (1985). Additionally, books such as "The Art of Translation," which emerged through the 1970-1980s, which discusses topics such as style, adequality, word choice, equivalence, and the skills of translators. These works and others like them have cemented Uzbekistan's position as a significant contributor to translation theory and history in the 20th century.
These works provide valuable information concerning several renowned Uzbekistani translators, their experiences, and their contributions towards the field. It reveals how their achievements showcase the crucial role of translation in Uzbekistan's national development journey, the nation's involvement in international relations, the progress witnessed by the education system, and the increased demand for specialized skills and qualifications.
The need to create updated and enhanced translation theory resources, new practical models, and updated training guidelines highlights the rise of Uzbekistan as a powerful player, ready to take on the world. Persuasively communicating via translation and staying ahead of numerous new challenges demonstrate the critical role of devotion and perseverance towards the development of the science and art of translation in Uzbekistan.