Conversion in English and its implications for Functional Discourse Grammar
Download 202.86 Kb. Pdf ko'rish
|
Conversion in English and its implicatio
D.G. Velasco / Lingua 119 (2009) 1164–1185
1167 3 Lieber also cites rebracketing or category change with no concomitant affixation as defended by Williams (1981) . ‘to put a liquid into bottles’. Given the fact that the noun belongs into the definition of the verb, one can assume that, in these two cases, the verbs are derived from the nouns. The main problem with this criterion, though, is that it is possible to provide more than one valid definition for a given lexeme and, depending on which one is assumed to be correct, the directionality of the process may be considered different. Consider the case of the pair an answer/to answer . The Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Online Dictionary of English (CALODE) defines the verb as (6) Answer (V) to say, write or do something as a reaction to a question, letter, telephone call, etc. From this definition, it could be argued that the noun answer is derived from the verb, since it is not included in the verb’s definition. As a matter of fact, there is a class of (allegedly) deverbal nouns in English which denote instances of the corresponding verbal action: walk, sleep, drink, etc. which seems to indicate the existence of a more or less productive semantic pattern. However, the same dictionary offers the following definition for the noun answer: (7) Answer (N) a reaction to a question, letter, telephone call, etc. which in effect means that the meaning of the noun IS included in the meaning of the verb, a fact which could be adduced in favour of exactly the opposite direction in the derivation. In practice, then, CALODE merely defines to answer as ‘to say, write or do something as an answer’, and if this pattern could be extended to other verbs, we would end up with conflicting conclusions for many items. In the same line, Katamba (1993:120) claims that there are numerous examples where semantic priority cannot be assigned to one of the pairs; e.g. does the noun sleep derive from the verb or the other way round? Inasmuch as the noun sleep denotes a process, one could argue that it derives from the verb, but then the reasoning could be extended, as Adams (2001:21) does, to claim that a noun such as spy derives from the corresponding verb because it denotes an individual ‘with a characteristic activity’. Note that under this argument the noun fax, which denotes an artefact with a very characteristic activity as well, could be treated as a deverbal noun. More convincingly, though, Kiparsky (1997) notes that instrumental verbs, which intuitively would seem to be based on the referring noun (as it can naturally be included in the verb’s definition), should be divided into two basic types, true denominal and manner of motion: the former contain the meaning of the noun in the definition, whereas the latter do not and are assumed to be related to the nouns through a shared root. Thus, the following differences obtain when the input noun surfaces in the expression (all from Kiparsky, 1997 ): True denominal (8) a. #She taped the picture to the wall with pushpins. b. #They chained the prisoner with a rope. c. #Jim buttoned up his pants with a zipper. d. #Let’s bicycle across France on our tricycles. e. #Screw the fixture on the wall with nails. f. #You have to padlock the door with a latch. g. #He snowplowed the sidewalk with a shovel. h. #The artist charcoaled the drawing with ink. D.G. Velasco / Lingua 119 (2009) 1164–1185 1168 |
Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling