Country Background Report – Denmark
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10932 OECD Country Background Report Denmark
The School and teacher level
Even though, the national level has clarified the national curriculum, schools and teachers have a relatively large influence on the content of teaching within this frame- work (Calmar Andersen 2006). Each school is responsible for ensuring the quality of the education in accordance with the aims of the Folkeskole and the municipal re- 53 quirements. They are also responsible for determining the planning and organisation of the programme of education. They are requested to carry out regular evaluations of the students’ learning output. As individual organisations, schools often introduce their own systems of quality assurance and evaluation driven by managerial or didactic aims, in order to meet the requirements. In this way, a freedom exists that allows for each school to take the local characteristics into account. It is the school leader’s responsibility to ensure that teachers and other members of staff plan and carry out their work so that it is challenging for all students. The school leader manages and distributes the work among the staff of the schools and makes de- cisions and adjustments regarding issues related to the students. At the school level, every class has a class teacher. The class teacher is the teacher among the group of teachers involved with a class that has the main responsibility re- garding monitoring and supporting the subject-specific and social development of the students. The class teacher is to ensure coherence and progression for and coordinate the entire programme of the teaching in the class, including organising interdiscipli- nary teaching and compulsory topics. It is usually the teacher in the subject Danish who takes on the role of class teacher. The class may have the same teachers, including class teacher, from the 1 st to the 9 th form. However, as organisations schools are com- monly organised according to three levels: 1 st -3 rd form, 4 th -6 th form and 7 th -9 th form. As mentioned above, the class usually stays the same with regard to the students, but, ac- cording to this model, a new teacher corps will be assigned to the class at the different levels leading to higher specialisation of the teachers. However, one should be aware that there are differences across municipalities and schools, as it is at the discretion of municipalities and schools to decide upon the organising principles in this respect. One trend is that schools may form new classes from the 7 th form, redistributing students to new classes. This trend has not been investigated and documented, however. Traditionally, teachers have had a large degree of autonomy due to their professional status to define ‘teaching methods and educational aim’. However, the professionalisa- tion of teachers has been increasingly questioned and discussed. A number of different initiatives have been taken to evaluate the performance of both teachers and students. The precision and clarification of national curricula and standardisation of tests and means of evaluation can be viewed as an instance of this and serve as a means for the state to regulate the behaviour of teachers as professionals (Simola et al. 2011, Nor- mann Andersen 2012). National test results and student plans are means that teachers are now required to use in the planning of the teaching. Furthermore, school leaders are expected to align the teaching, to a greater degree than previously, in order to ensure that schools attain the result targets and take appropriate action if they do not. Thus, evaluation and other means of holding schools accountable for the results that they obtain play an increasingly important role in the governing of 54 the Folkeskole ((Normann Andersen & Strømbæk Pedersen 2012); (Bjørnholt, Ander- sen, Houlberg & Pedersen, 2014). With the reform of 2014 and the law specifying the framework for utilisation of the working hours of teachers, more managerial authority is given to school leaders with regard to defining the composition of working hours at the school level and of the in- dividual teacher. Moreover, they are required to place more emphasis on living up to the national performance goals. Download 1.6 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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