Country Background Report – Denmark
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10932 OECD Country Background Report Denmark
Percentage
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 8 th form 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 9 th form 13.5 13.8 13.7 13.0 13.5 12.7 12.8 10 th form 42.8 43.5 43.2 44.1 43.0 42.0 44.1 Note: Students in form 10 includes a limited number of students in form 11. This may be bilingual students in need of further competencies in order to be enrolled in vocational or upper secondary education. Source: Statistics Denmark. There are different sources of information that guide the choice of school. As men- tioned above, every second year the municipalities are to publish a quality report that describes how the Folkeskole are doing with regards to attaining national and local objectives. This also serves as a means to inform parental choice of schools. Also, for each school the Ministry of Education publishes the average results from the compulsory school leaving examination at the end of the 9 th form. The results are con- trolled statistically for the student’s socioeconomic background. The individual Folkeskole is allowed to brand a particular profile, for instance, by of- fering elite sports, international ‘classes’, where most subjects are taught in English, or ‘classes’ for students who want a more challenging education. Thereby, they can en- deavour to attract students, or retain their ‘own’ students. As shown in Section 2.2, an increasing number of students attend private schools. This puts pressure on the Folkeskole and also on the resource management of the school system in each municipality. In light of restructuring the Folkeskole through, for in- stance, closing down or merging schools, many municipalities tell of parents choosing an existing private school as an alternative, or new private schools have been estab- lished in the area. In such cases, the municipalities do not achieve the expected effi- ciency of the restructuring of the school system, as their capacity in the Folkeskole is lower than expected and as they also have to pay the subsidy to the private school. 61 2.6 Performance of the school system 99 per cent of the children that enter primary and lower secondary school complete. Less than 1 per cent of the students resit a school year (Mehlbye & Søndergaard Pedersen 2014). In 2012, approximately 20 per cent of the adult population (30-59 years) only had low- er secondary school as their education. About 45 per cent had completed upper sec- ondary school, and about 35 per cent had obtained tertiary education (The Ministry of Finance 2014). The level of education in the Danish population is increasing. Howev- er, the PIAAC survey in 2011 showed that the skills of the adult Danish population in literacy, numeracy and problem solving in technology-rich environments was a little below the international average (Rosdahl 2014). The political goal is that 95 per cent of each cohort of students graduating from the Folkeskole complete at least a youth education, i.e. an upper secondary or vocational education education, see Section 2.1. In addition, it is a goal that 30 per cent of a co- hort choose a vocational education. The proportion of each graduating class that chooses upper secondary and vocational education is increasing. Measured according to the 25-29 year old citizens, for instance, the share of this age group completing an upper secondary or vocational education increased from 80.3 per cent in 2007 to 82.3 per cent in 2014. A profile model on educational behaviour estimates that 93 per cent of the year group completing 9 th form in 2015 will complete an upper secondary or vocational education. 50 per cent of the students that continue into upper secondary and vocational school choose general schools (The Ministry of Finance 2014). In this way, transition rates to youth education are applied as an indicator of the performance of the schools. Compared to other countries, e.g. England, Denmark has been a late starter with regard to performance-based management (Simola et al. 2011: 105). Denmark’s participation in international comparisons of student achievement changed this (Simola et al. 2011: 99, 101, Normann Andersen, Dahler-Larsen & Pedersen 2009) because of Danish stu- dents’ relatively poor performance in these tests. The PISA results have given rise to debate, as some are of the opinion that the Danish students ought to have better results than the international average result. The PISA test is questioned by critics on the grounds that it does not measure skills such as problem-solving, innovation, creativity and cooperation – skills that the Danish students are generally assumed to hold to a large extent. |
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