Directorate of distance education master of business administration

Glass Ceiling Syndrome:  The view that even though women 
and the marginalized groups can get hired into organizations, they have 
difficulties in getting promoted, particularly to senior levels; it is as if 
there is an invisible barrier above. They can see opportunities above, but 
they cannot reach them. 
12. 
Retirement:   An exit from an organizational position or career 
path of considerable duration taken by individuals are specified by 
organization beyond their middle ages and taken with the intention of 
reduced physical and psychological commitment to work thereafter. 
13. 
Smart-sizing:  An alternative to downsizing is the practice of 
focusing and growing through an organization’s core competencies and 
cutting down on unwanted, less relevant activities with an aim of growth 
rather than shrinkage of the workforce of the organization. 

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14. 
Training:   Any attempt to improve employee performance on 
a currently held job or one related to it. This usually means changes in 
specific knowledge, skills, attitudes and behavior. 
15. 
Job Posting: A procedure for communicating to employees that 
a job opening exists and that applications from within the organization 
would be entertained for consideration. 
16. 
Job Scope:   The number of different tasks required in a job and 
the frequency with which the job cycle is repeated. 
17.