Economic Growth Second Edition
The Paths of the Capital Stock and Output
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BarroSalaIMartin2004Chap1-2
2.6.5
The Paths of the Capital Stock and Output The stable arm shown in figure 2.1 shows that, if ˆk (0) < ˆk ∗ , ˆk and ˆc rise monotonically as they approach their steady-state values. The rising path of ˆk implies that the rate of return, r , declines monotonically from its initial position, f [ˆk (0)] − δ, to its steady-state value, ρ + θx. Equation (2.25) and the path of decreasing r imply that the growth rate of per capita consumption, ˙c/c, falls monotonically. That is, the lower ˆk(0) and, hence, ˆy(0), the higher the initial value of ˙c/c. We would also like to relate the initial per capita growth rates of capital and output, γ k and γ y , to the starting ratio, ˆk (0). In chapter 1 we referred to the negative relations between ˙k/k and ˆk(0) and between ˙y/y and ˆy(0) as convergence effects. We show in appendix 2D (section 2.11), using the consumption function from equations (2.15) and (2.16), that ˙k /k declines monotonically as the economy develops and approaches the steady state. In other words, although the saving rate may rise during the transition, it cannot rise enough to eliminate the inverse relation between ˙k /k and ˆk. Thus, the endogenous determination of the saving rate does not eliminate the convergence property for ˆk. Growth Models with Consumer Optimization 111 We can take logs and derivatives of the production function in equation (2.18) to derive the growth rate of output per effective worker: ˙ˆy/ˆy = ˆk · f (ˆk) f (ˆk) · (˙ˆk/ˆk) (2.39) that is, the growth rate of ˆk is multiplied by the share of gross capital income in gross product. For a Cobb–Douglas production function, the share of capital income equals the constant α. Therefore, the properties of ˙k/k carry over immediately to those of ˙y/y. This result applies more generally than in the Cobb–Douglas case unless the share of capital income rises fast enough as an economy develops to more than offset the fall in ˙k /k. Download 0.79 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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