Effective methods in teaching english language for young learners

Role reversal. Students readily volunteered to utter commands that manipulated the behavior of the instructor and other students....
Reading and writing. The instructor wrote on the chalkboard each new vocabulary item and a sentence to illustrate the item. Then she spoke each item and acted out the sentence. The students listened as she read the material. Some copied the information in their notebooks.
2.2Advantages and Disadvantages of Total Physical method
The stronger the memory association will be and the more likely it will be recalled. The retracing can be verbal through repetition and/or in association with motor activity. This clearly reminds us of the behavioristic psychology which holds a Stimulus-Response model of learning. The stimulus in the TPR method is verbal and the response is physical. In this respect, Total Physical Response has many similarities to the Direct Method.From development the parallel, he contends exists, between first language acquisition and 2nd language learning. Children get language through a series of commands from their parents to which they react physically. It’s only later that they can produce verbal responses ¹⁰ It is contended that humans are endowed with a sort of bio program which follows this process of language learning and that, when teaching a 2nd language, we must follow the same process so that learning can be successful. In this respect to a naturalistic method of language learning. Language learning must focus on comprehension and the teaching of speaking must be delayed until comprehension skills are established. Asher also thinks that the skills acquired through listening transfer to other skills and that meaning precede form. Asher’s method relies on three assumptions about language. First Asher thinks that a lot of the grammatical structures of language and many vocabulary items can be learned from the skillful use of the imperative form. In his view, verbs in the imperative are primordial forms upon which language learning can be organized. Command drills can be a vehicle for the internalization of a lot of language structures and vocabulary. Another TPR assumption about language is the one that distinguishes between abstractions and non-abstractions. According to Asher, abstractions are not necessary to teach language to beginners. On the other hand, non-abstractions can help build a detailed cognitive map and grammatical structure of language.¹¹ The third assumption about language states that language can be internalized not only as single items but also as wholes or chunks. This is an idea that will be later developed by Michael Lewis ¹²(1993) in his Lexical Approach. Relying on humanistic pedagogy, TPR also stresses the importance of a stress-free environment. In fact, second language learning often causes a lot of stress and anxiety. However, if teachers focus on meaning transferred into physical activity rather than on abstract language forms students are freed from stress and anxiety.