English for

9 
Suggested answers
have a significant influence, specifically, to examine, to identify, 
patterns that are repeated, the analysis identified, a focus on, 
accurately reflects, provides less information
10 Set a time limit for the activity. You can tell learners 
that they will give their texts to their partners for peer 
correction.
Learners’ own answers.
11 
Learners’ own answers.
You could ask learners to revise their texts at home following 
their classmates’ recommendations.
Reading
12 Ask learners if they also drew an hourglass shape 
for the structure of an article in Activity 1. Ask them if 
they agree that this shape represents the conventional 
structure of a research article.
Answers_1_c_2_h_3_e_4_d_5_f_6_b_7_g_8_a_13_Answers_1_h_2_d_3_c_4_b_5_f_6_e_7_g_8_a_14'>Answers
1 c 2 h 3 e 4 d 5 f 6 b 7 g 8 a
13 
Answers
1 h 2 d 3 c 4 b 5 f 6 e 7 g 8 a
14 The purpose of this activity is to focus on the specific 
language which is typical of different sections of a 
research article.
Answers
2 M 3 D 4 R 5 M 6 I 7 R 8 D
Speaking
15 After your learners have answered the questions, get 
feedback from the groups and discuss the questions as a 
whole class.
Suggested answers
1 It looks like an hourglass. Section 3 (Introduction) goes 
from general to particular, Section 6 (Discussion) goes from 
particular to general.
2 This is a conventional structure commonly referred to as 
AIMRaD which stands for Abstract, Introduction, Materials and 
Methods, Results, and Discussion.
Listening
3, 4 You could first elicit from learners what types of 
academic articles they or their colleagues have published. 
Remind them to focus only on the types of publications 
when they listen for the first time. (Answers are 
underlined in the audioscript below.)