English for

4 
Suggested answer
Applying the reflective approach and critical thinking in their 
work will enable practitioners to evaluate and understand their 
activities better, thus improving their clinical practice.
Language focus
5 Remind learners that in academic writing the more 
formal option is generally preferred. 
Answers
1 to own 2 assist 3 component 4 observing 
5 to engage in 6 echoed 7 developing
Text 1 uses more formal language than phrases 1–7 in this 
activity.
6 
Answers
1 Referring 2 quoting 3 rephrasing 4 Paraphrasing 5 using
6 changing 7 citation 8 shortening 9 citing 10 knowledge
Reading
7 In this Reading section learners focus on different 
types of citation. Tell learners that this is another extract 
from the article ‘Being Grateful: Does it Bring Us Closer? 
Gratitude, Attachment and Intimacy in Romantic 
Relationships’. (See Text 2 in Lesson 2 for the first extract.) 
Refer learners to the Language Support box about citation 
styles in Activity 9, if necessary.
Answers
1 Both texts are from the Literature Review sections of the 
articles and contain citations.
2 It uses a different citation style. 

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English for Academics Book 2 Teacher’s Guide
© Cambridge University Press and British Council Russia 2015
www.cambridge.org/elt/english-for-academics
PHOTOCOPIABLE 
31
Lesson 1
Module 2
Language focus
5 You can extend this activity by asking learners to 
distinguish between sequencing expressions that can be 
used in any text (in italics in the answers below) and those 
typical of research articles and, specifically, introductions.
Answers
Stage 1: Thirty years ago … predictable, today there is much 
more information to learn, memorisation of details less and less 
important, makes increasing sense
Stage 2: there is now a great deal of evidence, Some of this 
evidence is general, reviewed in, More specific evidence shows 
that, (Beichner …)
Stage 3: Nevertheless, remain unconvinced that
Stage 4: to address the validity, we carried out an experiment, 
tested the effect of
Stage 5: the results indicate that, can result in 
6 There is a ‘guided writing’ approach to creating 
Introductions in this lesson. Ask learners to combine their 
Literature Review section, which they wrote in Unit 2, 
Lesson 2, with the beginning of their Introduction.