English Grammar: a resource Book for Students
Not ‘degree of certainty’
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English Grammar- A Resource Book for Students
Not ‘degree of certainty’
Some readers may be familiar with the suggestion made by Leech (Meaning and the English Verb, Longman, 1971) that the choice of verb appropriate for a future event may be decided according to the degree of certainty ascribed to the future happening. He suggests: 1. Simple present (most certain) 2. ! # will/shall + infinitive will/shall + progressive infinitive 3. ! # be going to + infinitive (least certain) present progressive Even those marked ‘least certain’, however, convey at least a strong expectation of the future event. Such an explanation is attractive because it is fairly simple for both teacher and stu- dent to grasp. There are, however, two difficulties – first, if the explanation is true, the difference between the various degrees of certainty is extremely subtle and, how- ever simple the explanation is in theory, it is of little practical use. Second, however, there is a much greater problem – it is, quite simply, that the explanation is not true. I have on numerous occasions when speaking to native speaker audiences asked them to rate in order of ‘degree of certainty’ the sentences given at the beginning of the chapter. On every single occasion when I have done this with an audience of more than 12 the voting for ‘most certain’ and ‘least certain’ has split over at least three of the examples. Not infrequently some native speakers have voted one example ‘most certain’ while others in the same group have voted the same example ‘least certain’. If native speakers cannot even agree on which is most or least certain, they are going F U T U R E T I M E – A S U M M A R Y 215 to find it impossible to range the other examples between the two extremes. Such evidence seems to me to prove conclusively that ‘degree of certainty’ is not only an impractical classroom explanation, it is also completely without foundation. The essential distinction between the different forms is the nature of the speaker’s conceptualisation of the future act or event. Nobody except the speaker can know the speaker’s conceptualisation. All we can do, is to point to parallels with other uses of the same form, or contrasts with the uses of different forms, to indicate the nature of the events described by particular verb forms. Download 1.74 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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