English Grammar: a resource Book for Students
Download 1.74 Mb. Pdf ko'rish
|
English Grammar- A Resource Book for Students
FUTURE TIME – A SUMMARY
Michael Lewis (1986) reprinted from Chapter 17 of The English Verb, Hove, Language Teaching Publications. This reading is pedagogically oriented (i.e. it aims to be intelligible to teachers) and provides some interesting insights into ways of expressing future time in English. Lewis discusses some forms already covered in this book, such as ‘will’ (A5) and the present progressive (B5 – which he calls ‘durative’ as well as continuous), but other forms discussed are not related to tense or aspect, such as ‘(be) going to’, and ‘be to’. His idea of conceptualisation is similar to that of Lee’s ‘construing’ (see D2 and D4): the importance of the way we perceive events and states. English possesses no formal future tense but, of course, it is possible to talk about Future Time. A number of different verb forms are possible and the choice of the correct one is frequently a source of confusion for foreign learners. It is not possible to give simple, easily accessible, comprehensive rules which describe the differences between the different possible forms. Much of the discussion in this book has con- centrated upon the fact that verb forms are frequently a matter of the speaker’s choice. This applies particularly to events in Future Time which are not, of their nature, factually or objectively knowable in the same way that events in Past Time or Present Time are. Examination of the uses of those verb forms which sometimes refer to Future Time and sometimes do not, shows that all uses of the form always have the same primary semantic characterisitics. Those occasions when the verb form is used with reference to Future Time are not different in kind. The consistency and regularity of the use of the verb forms which is one of the central themes of this book are fully preserved. D5 Michael Lewis 214 E X T E N S I O N In several cases, uses of the forms which refer to Future Time are discussed in the appropriate chapters. Some of the contrasts are gathered together here for convenience. Six verb forms are common to refer to Future Time: 1. I’m going to leave tomorrow. 2. I’m leaving tomorrow. 3. I leave tomorrow. 4. I am to leave tomorrow. 5. I’ll leave tomorrow. 6. I’ll be leaving tomorrow. Statements about Future Time are not statements of fact but predictions, guesses, etc. We expect the different forms chosen in some way to reflect the differing nature of the guesses, predictions, etc. Examination of how the forms are used, shows that they are used consistently and that the choices depend on how the speaker conceptualises the future event at the moment of speaking. It is helpful in considering the speaker’s conceptualisation to ask why the speaker thinks the future event will occur. Download 1.74 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling