English Grammar: a resource Book for Students
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English Grammar- A Resource Book for Students
Activity A9.3
✪ T Y P E S O F S E N T E N C E 57 a) how many grammatical sentences there are in each case; b) what type of sentences there are (simple vs multiple, compound vs complex). 1. He’s stubborn but I still like him. 2. I still like him although he’s stubborn. (or Although . . . ) 3. He’s stubborn; however, I still like him. 4. In spite of his stubbornness I still like him. As well as joining clauses, coordinating conjunctions can be used to join smaller units, for example, phrases: He’s clever and hard-working with it. Should I see a doctor or a dentist? or parts of phrases: I was laughing and crying at the same time. And can also join two subordinate clauses: We’ll leave when the job is done and when we’ve been paid. The boundary between conjunctions and linking adverbs can sometimes be hard to draw. First, linking adverbs such as so and yet are often used as conjunctions: The party was getting boring so we left. (Or . . . boring. So we left.) Second, coordinating conjunctions are often used to introduce simple sentences, where they have the appearance of linking adverbs, as in this example (at the start of a paragraph) from the Amy Tan text in C9: And then my mother cut a piece of meat from her arm. In a prescriptive approach (see A1) it is said that this is wrong, that ‘you shouldn’t start a sentence with and’, but this is common in creative and other types of writing. In this book, the approach taken is that this is a graphological sentence (because this is what the writer wants), rather than a grammatical sentence. Grammatically it belongs to the previous sentence, but this does not imply that it is ‘incorrect’. See C9 for more discussion of such ‘sentences’. How would you describe the use of however in this sentence? We wrote to the company on August 18, however we have received no reply. Sometimes clauses are joined without a conjunction. Tag questions are one example (see B9); ‘echoes’ at the end of sentences are another: She’s got a lot of nerve, she has. And spoken English quite often has strings of clauses with no explicit connection. (See A12 and C12 for more on this.) ✪ Download 1.74 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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