Testing for objects
All three types of object may become the subject in a passive (see A6):
A bike was bought for her. (related to a direct object)
She was bought a bike. (related to an indirect object)
I was laughed at. (related to a prepositional object)
When we ask questions about the object we use WHO (or WHOM) and WHAT:
Who did you buy a bike? (Whom . . . )
What did you buy him?
Who did she laugh at? (At whom did she laugh?)
This can be useful in distinguishing objects (especially prepositional objects) from
adverbials (see Activity A8.5 below). It should be noted that alternatives with whom
are very formal.
Change the underlined prepositional objects into the related indirect
object. Bear in mind that for and to do not always indicate a recipient or
beneficiary.
1. I told the story to everyone.
2. We found a job for her.
3. She has explained the problem to me.
4. I said something wrong to her.
5. We put this question to her.
Now do the reverse: change the underlined indirect objects into prepositional
objects.
6. Her aunt sent her a present.
7. I wrote her a letter.
8. I wrote her a reference.
9. He asked me a question.
Sometimes turning a sentence into the passive can help us to understand its
clause structure. Look at the following sentence:
We elected her class representative.
You can see that there are two noun phrases underlined in it after the verb:
her and class representative. Try to make each one the subject of a passive.
Predicative (P)
Predicatives (sometimes called complements) can consist of a noun phrase, adjective
phrase or clause:
a teacher.
He is very happy.
what we need.
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