G20 summit, November 3-4, 2011, Cannes France

2016.
2020
Energy	73.2%	72.3%
Agriculture	18.4%	16.5%
Industry	5.2%	5.0%
Waste	3.2%	4.1%
Total:	49.9 billion tons	4 7 , 4 billion tons

In order to comprehensively develop the "green" economy, we need to systematically analyze natural capital, physical capital and human capital and study them as a whole. Global greenhouse gas emissions decreased by 5% in 2020 compared to 2018. Because carbon financing, investments in projects aimed at reducing emissions of carbon dioxide, SO ₂ and other greenhouse gases have been made and good performance has been achieved. The volume of global emissions of SO ₂ gases was reduced by 5.8% for the first time in history in 2020 compared to 2016. But by 2021, due to intensive use of coal, gas and oil in the energy sector, the volume of SO ₂ emissions will increase by 4.8%, that is, SO ₂ emissions will be 1500 billion. increased by tons. 2021 World coal consumption has increased to the previous (2018) level. The global level of SO ₂ emissions is 640.0 billion. it was tons. SO2 emissions from coal were 14.8 Gt, or 0.4% higher than in 2019. In 2021, SO ₂ emissions from burning natural gas reached a record level of 215 million tons. It should be noted that in 2021, 65% of global SO ₂ emissions will be contributed by developed countries.

Emissions in developed countries increased by 600 million tons compared to 2019. Coal use in China's power sector increased by 330 tch, or 7%. The use of coal in India also increased SO ₂ emissions by 30 million tons compared to 2019, reaching a record level in 2021. In India, SO ₂ emissions will be normalized by 2022. In the US, the industrial economy is also dependent on coal and gas, and SO ₂ emissions increased by 1.4% in 2021 compared to 2019. In the EU countries, SO ₂ emissions decreased by 80 million tons in 2021 compared to 2019.
Uzbekistan is characterized by the extreme diversity of natural ecosystems. A number of zonal climate belts are clearly visible, corresponding to the main types of mountain ecosystems, with desert ecosystems in flat regions, and high altitude zones in mountain ecosystems. Riverine and riparian ecosystems are found in both lowland and mountainous regions, each with its own distinct habitat. Wetland ecosystems are mainly located in the plain areas of the country. Therefore, ecosystems in Uzbekistan are divided into 5 types:
1. Desert and semi-desert
2. Mountainous and sub-mountainous areas
3. Mountain ecosystems
4. River and coastal ecosystems
5. Wetland ecosystems
Each ecosystem has complex natural components. They determine the development, living and growth of certain plants and animals. Biodiversity of our country includes about 27 thousand species. Among them, tall hills are covered with plants, flowers, and lichens, about 11,000 species in total, and more than 15,600 species of fauna 207 species of animal fauna of Uzbekistan, 17 species of fish, 60 species of arthropods are included in the Red Book. 11.2 million lands of the state forest fund. hectares, which is 25.2% of the total area, of which 3.26 mln. hectares are covered with forests.
In order to preserve and develop biological diversity in Uzbekistan, it is necessary to support them financially. Mineral resources include metallic and non-metallic ores, coal, shale, and groundwater.
If people used 28 types of mineral resources in the 18th century, they used 71 types in the 19th century, and 84 types in the 20th century. 150 billion annually in the world. tons of metal are mined.
According to the data of MBT, now 32 bln. tons of coal, 2.6 billion tons of oil, 6 billion tons of iron, 3 billion tons of chrome ore, 7.3 million tons of copper ore, 3.4 million tons. tons of lead, 159 mln. tons of table salt, 120 million tons of phosphates, 1.2 million tons of uranium, molybdenum, nickel, silver, gold and platinum ores are being mined. According to information, if we use fossil resources with "appetite" in the current order, the reserves will last for 30-35 years, and the oil and gas reserves will only last for 150 years. This puts the task of a deeper study of the lithosphere and the search for new reserves before experts. As a result of such research, more than 30 oil and natural gas fields are being mined under the sea. more than tons. At the same time, coal, iron ore, sulfur and other minerals are also being mined from under the sea.
According to the conclusions of the space research conducted in recent years, oceans, for example, show that there is an unlimited amount of mineral resources under the Arctic ice. The mining industry of many countries has so far "exploited" the inner layer of the lithospheric crust to an average depth of 500 meters. For example, in Germany and Belgium, coal is mined from a depth of 130 meters. The gold mines of South Africa are mined even deeper, i.e. 100-180 meters.
In many cases wasteful use of mineral resources is allowed. The coefficient of usefulness of ores usually does not exceed 20, after melting, 1-2 different metals are extracted from it, and the rest are thrown into the environment as waste. The amount of waste is 98-99% in ores. The main reason for this is the time-consuming and complex process of ore processing.
2 billion annually in coal mining. tons of waste, on top of that 1.2 bln. each ton of coal emits ash and toxic gases, which cause climate change.
Chemical fertilizers are widely used in agriculture all over the world, during the production process, 12 million tons of phosphate waste are released into the atmosphere every year. 1 million hectares of land will be needed to maintain them, as a result of which the land will fail, and on top of that (due to the increase in air temperature) the climate will change, the ecological balance will change.
As a result of extracting water from oil and gas fields through deep drilling wells, the soil of the areas near the wells becomes swampy and makes the land unusable. Swamps dry up, dust in the wind, pollute the atmosphere, run off with rainwater, salt the soil and poison the plants and animals in it. Discharged water pollutes surface water bodies, harming all living organisms, animals, and sometimes humans. Only from the Shargun coal mine in Surkhandarya, 2 mln. cubic meter of dirty, toxic water is discharged, up to 10-20 tons of salty sulfuric acid falls into the river.
The territory of Uzbekistan has a huge amount of various mineral resources. Almost all the elements of Mendeleev's periodic system were found on this land, and the total amount was estimated at 3-4 trillion US dollars. At present, the number of mines in use in the republic is about 410, and every year 5-6 billion dollars worth of mineral resources are extracted from them, and additional 7 billion dollars worth of new reserves have been discovered.
The gas reserves discovered in Uzbekistan are about 2 trillion cubic meters, the total coal reserves are 2 billion tons, and it ranks second in Central Asia. There are large reserves of precious metals in Uzbekistan, 32 types of precious non-ferrous metals have been found and are being mined from 33 mines. In terms of gold reserves, Uzbekistan is in the first place, Muruntov, Qizilqum, Turboi mines produce "four nines" worth of original gold.
Currently, 60 mln. tons of waste are thrown into the environment. 250,000 tons of dust and 10,000 tons of toxic gases are released during mine blasting. Since the wind speed is 15-20 meters per second, dust and toxic gases fly up to 70-120 km and poison the environment.
Scientists say that if the global temperature rises by 2 degrees, the polar side will move 150-500 km. As a result, rainfall decreases in grain-growing regions, and on the contrary, rainfall increases in tropical zones. It seriously affects people's health.
The only way to solve these problems is to reduce the amount of emissions in the atmosphere. At present, 20% of atmospheric air pollution on our planet is contributed by USA, 33% by China, and 16% by India. Therefore, at the summit dedicated to climate change held in Paris and the UN, a 3% reduction was determined in the USA, 5% in China, 8% in the EU countries, 6% in Japan, and 3% in India.