Grammar book for teaching
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Grammar book for teaching materials
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- Everyone, everybody Someone, somebody
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anyone, anybody, no one,
nobody, neither, none + plural noun Ushbu so’zlar ega bulib qo’llanganda, tag qismda ularga nisbatan they olmoshidan foydalanamiz. I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, will they? No one would object, would they? Neither of them complained, did they? Nobody agreed with you, did they? None of my children have blonde hair, have they?
they
Someone had recognized him, hadn’t they?
Let’s go, shall we? Let’s have a cup of coffee, shall we?
Don’t make noise, will you? Am aren’t I? am not am I? I am late, aren’t I? I am not late, am I? I am home, aren’t I? I am not a student, am I?
Mary was there, wasn’t she? (= was she not?) Modal verbs Modal fellar asosiy felga qushimcha mazmun berish uchun hizmat qiladi. Modal fel biror ish harakat qilish zarurligini, kerakligini, mumkinligini, ehtimoli borligini yoki biror ish qilish uchun ruxsat berish uchun ishlatiladi. Modal fellar: I can We could
You + may + V(simple) They might He should She ought to It must
Correct: He can play tennis. Wrong:He cans play tennis. Wrong: He can plays tennis
Need, used to, be likely to, have to, be able to, be supposed to, Ability Present and Future Rule: Can va be able to eganing biror ish harakat sodir etishga qodirligini qobilyatini ifodalaydi va qila olmoq tarzida tarjima qilinadi. Can hozirgi va kelajak zamon uchun umumiy qobilyatni ifodalaydi. Hozirgi zamonda be able to can ning o’rniga ishlatilishi mumkin. S + be able to + V(simle) Can you type quickly? Are you able to type quickly? I can’t pay you today(I am not able to pay you today) I can read and understand the english articles
He will be able to walk in a few weeks(Now he is not able to walk) Past Could o’tgan zamondagi umumiy qobilyatni ifodalaydi. When I was young, I could jump 2 metres Ten years ago, I could swim very fast Was/were able to o’tgan zamonda muayyan bir xolatdagi ishni bajarish uchun qobilyatni ifodalaydi va uddalay oldim deb tarjima qilinadi. Although the break was badly hurt, my brother was ablte to stop the car I didn’t prepare for the exam but I was able to answer all the questions (Students should make up a sentence for could and be able to) Note: S + Could + have + V(perfect) O’tgan zamonda biror ish harakat qilish mumkinligni ko’rsatadi va bazida tanqid manosida ham kelishi mumkin I could have told your mistakes to the teacher but I respected you(Men sizni xatolaringizni uqituvchiga ayta olardim lekin sizni hurmat qildim Why didn’t you invite me to your wedding party? You could have phoned me Permission May, can – mumkin, ruxsat etilgan(xozirgi va kelajak zamon uchun) Negative: May not Can not=can’t I can/may take day off whenever I want She can/may leave as soon as she finishes her assignment Ruxsat berish You can/may take my phone You can/may use my pen Ruxsat olish Can/May I take your laptop. Can/May I go to the park with my buddies Be allowed to Muayyan bir holatda ruhsatni ifodalash uchun ishlatamiz va zamonlarda tuslay olamiz Students were not allowed to talk during the last exam. Are you allowed to use black pen in the lessons? You will not be allowed to use your dictionary in the IELTS You are allowed to use only pen and pencil (Students should make up 2 sentences for 3 tenses with “be allowed to”) Note: Could polite request(hozirgi zamon uchun ruxsat olish faqat soroqda) Could I take your keys Possibility May/might (balki, kelajakdagi ish harakatlar uchun) May(70% of possibility) might(30% of possibility) Don’t tell him, he may/might tell all people If you invite me, I may go with you
Taking many drugs can cause many illnesses(=Taking many drugs may cause many illnesses) Measles can be dangerous for children(=Measles may be dangerous for children)
He may be playing computer games They may be coming here May/might + be + V(perfect) Passive sentence (for future) This building may be destroyed next year
He may be alone S+might have+V(perfect)/been+adj (o’tgan zamonda bo’lishi mumkin edi) He might have got lost. They might have taken the money. He might have been late. S+might have+been+V(ing) (o’tgan zamonda bo’layotgan bo’lishi mumkin edi) -Why didn’t you pick up the phone? -I might have been sleeping. S+migh have+been+ V(perfect) (o’tgan zamon passive). This building might have been sold at a higher price last year. Obligation
We should/ought to work hard Usage 2. Maslahat berish uchun (strong advice) You should see a doctor They shouldn’t allow their children to walk on their own way (Students should make up sentences) Should/ought to + be + Ving/ at some place Davom etayotgan ish harakatlar uchun ega shu ish harakatni bajarmayotganini ko’rsatish uchun (biror kishi hozir biror ishni qilayotgan bo’lishi yoki biror joyda bo’lishi kerak). You should be (studying) at school now They shouldn’t be (staying) here (Students should make up sentences) Should/ought to + have + V(perfect) O’tgan zamonda bajarish kerak bo’lgan ish harakat bajarilmaganini bildiradi You should have come last week They shouldn’t have solved these exercises You ought to have cleaned the room She ought to have seen a doctor (Students should make up sentences) Must Must Usage 1. Hozirgi va kelajak zamon uchun biror ish harakat qilish shart ekanligini ko’rsatadi va fikr berishda ishlatiladi. I must study hard today because I have an exam tomorrow. I must get up early every day Usage 2. Kuchli maslahat berish yoki fikr bildirish uchun. You must see a doctor now because you have broken your leg (Students should make up 2 sentences for each usage) Have to Usage 1. Have to qonun yoki ma’lum bir joydagi qoida bo’yicha biror ish harakatni bajarish zarur ekanligini bildiradi. I have to wipe my shoes when I come in the room I have to wear uniform At Institute even Teachers have to wear uniform Policemen have to speak with citizens politely Usage 3. O’tgan va kelasi zamonlarda have to to’gri keldi yoki to’g’ri keladi deb tarjima qilinadi Yesterday I had to come at 10 Tomorrow You will have to finish all your homework (Students should make up 2 sentences for each usage) Note: Og’zaki nutqda have to o’rniga got to ishlatiladi. It is 9 p.m. I got to go home. You got to be there by 8 a.m. Must and have Must and have to bulishli gaplarda mazmunan yaqin bo’lsada, bo’lishsiz gaplarda ularni aniq farqlash mumkin. Must not=mustn’t Biror ish harakat bajarmaslik shart. You mustn’t touch the electricity chldren mustn’t stay alone. Have to Biror ish harakat bajarish shart emas. You don’t have to solve this problem You don’t have to bring your phone
They didn’t have to come You won’t have to go to th dentist if you brush your teeth every day. (Students should make up sentences) Deduction and Assumption Must Muayyan faktlarga asoslangan holda chiqarilgan xulosa yoki qarorni ifoda etadi. A: Didn’t you see my notebook? B: It must be in the next room because I have seen it there recently I often see our teacher near microdistrict. He must live near there Past: S + must + have + V (Perfect) There is too much smoke in the room. Someone must have smoked here He must have taken sleeping pills last night. He is still sleeping (Students should make up sentences)
We have had lunch recently, You can’t be hungry. You can’t be very tired because you have worked only for 1 hour. Past: S+can’t have +V (Perfect). He can’t have gone home. His shoes are at the door.
NOTE: Ushbu qurilma uzidan keyin kelgan otni miqdorini bildiradi. Lekin Each va Every so’zlari faqat birlikni bildiradi va ulardan keying f’l 3-shaxsga tuslanadi.
Some plants will not grow in very alkaline soil. (баъзи усимликлар) Was there any butter in the fridge? (умуман сариёг бормиди) They still don’t have any news. (умуман янгилик йук) Most children remain dependent on their parents while at university. (купчилик болалар) There are no pockets in these trousers. (умуман чунтаклар йук) Each/every person has a right to study.
Have you drunk all of the milk? Have some of this champagne – it’s very good. The area depends on agriculture for most of its income. None of my children have blonde hair. Please contact me if any of those stolen paintings resurface. Some of the staff can speak Japanese. Did any of your photos come out well? None of the tourists wanted to climb the mountain. all of the / this /that….. = all the / this / that…… all of the students = all the students all of the milk = all the milk all of those people = all those people All (of) my hard work was nullified when 2 lost my notes. All (of) the folders have been carefully numbered and filed away. All (of) his friends agree. All (of) the above-mentioned films won Oscars for best director. She was acquitted of all (of) the charges against her. I very much appreciate all (of) the support you've given me.
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