Grammar essential grammar in use (Raymond Murphy)
— O'tilgan mavzu bo'yicha misollar
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Raymond Murphy (O\'zbek tilida)(1)
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- Otilgan mavzu boyicha misollar
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— O'tilgan mavzu bo'yicha misollar:
• I cleaned my shoes yesterday. • Charlie studied engineering at university. • I have cleaned my shoes. • My car was repaired last week. • I made a cake yeterday. • I have made some coffee. Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 66 • Butter is made from milk. • Somebody broke the window last night. • Somebody has broken the window. • The window was broken last night. Eslatma: Mavzu o'z nihoyasiga yetdi, bu mavzuni to'liq o'zlashtirib bo'lib, keyingi mavzuga o'ting! UNIT 37: I am / I don't etc. — Bunday holat ko'proq dialoglarda sodir bo'ladi. Masalan, ikki kishi gaplashib turibdi. • I am not tired - Men charchamadim. • I am - men esa charchadim. — E'tibor bergan bo'lsangiz, ikkinchi odam ega bilan "to be" ishlatdi, xolos. Lekin, bundan uning holati birinchi odamga nisbatan qarama-qarshiligi, ya'ni charchagani tushunildi. • I haven't got a car but my sister has - Mening mashinam yo'q, lekin singlimni mashinasi bor. — Gapning ikkinchi qismida mashina so'zi ishlatilmasdan, birinchi qismdagi "haven't" so'ziga qarama-qarshi ma'no beruvchi "has" so'zi qo'yildi, ya'ni, inkor so'zi bo'lgan "not" olib tashlandi. Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 67 • My brother likes hot weather (Akam issiq ob-havoni yoqtiradi) but I don't (lekin men yoqtirmayman). — "I don't like hot weather" demasdan, qisqa qilib "I don't" deyapdi. • Did you and John enjoy the film? - Siz va Jon filmdan bahra oldinglarmi? • I did but John didn't - Men bahramand bo'ldim, lekin Jon bahramand bo'lmadi. • Have you ever been to Canada - Kanadada biror marta bo'lganmisiz? • Yes, I have - Ha, bo'lganman. • No, I haven't - Yo'q, bo'lmaganman. • My sister can play the piano but I can't - Singlim pionino chalishni biladi, lekin men bilmayman. — E'tibor beramiz, gap qaysi zamon bilan, yoki harakat so'zlaridan oldin keluvchi qaysi so'z bilan boshlansa, qisqa javob yoki qisqa tugatish ham o'sha so'z bilan kelyapdi. Can, will, should, have, must va hokazo. — Hozirgi zamonda bo'lsa do/does, oddiy o'tgan zamonda did ishlatyapmiz. — Am/is/are qo'yilgan bo'lsa, qisqartma ham shunga qarab bo'ladi. • I'm not intelligent but you are - Men aqlli emasman, lekin siz ... (aqllisiz demoqchi). — Am, is, are, have va will so'zlari bilan qisqa javob berayotganimizda "I'm" shaklida qisqartirmasdan, doim "I am" deb yozishimiz kerak. Bu qoida meni tushunishim bo'yicha faqat ijobiy javoblar uchundir. Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 68 — Agar "I'm not" deb inkor qiladigan bo'lsak bo'laveradi. Chunki, darslikda I'm not, haven't kabi holatlarni ko'rdik. — O'tilgan mavzu bo'yicha misollar: • She isn't tired but he is. • He smokes but she does. • I have got a car but my sister has. • Is it raining? Yes, it is. • Have you ever been to Canada? Yes, I have. • I don't like hot weather but Sue does. • She works very hard but I don't. • Do you enjoy your work? Yes, I do. • Are you tired? No, I'm not. • Did it rain yesterday? No, it didn't Eslatma: Mavzu o'z nihoyasiga yetdi, bu mavzuni to'liq o'zlashtirib bo'lib, keyingi mavzuga o'ting! UNIT 38: Have you? / Are you? / Do you? etc. (Rostana? To'g'rimi? Yoki unaqamasmi? kabi qisqa savol va jumlalar) — Dialog: - You are late (Siz kech qoldingiz) - Am I? (Men a?) Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 69 — Dialog: - I was ill last week (Men o'tgan hafta kasal bo'ldim) - Were you? (Siz a?) — Bunga o'xshash gaplar "rostanmi?" degan taajjubona munosabatni bildiradi. Gap qaysi zamonda aytilsa shunga qarab javob beriladi. • Bobur doesn't like me - Bobur meni yoqtirmaydi. • Doesn't he? - U rostan sizni yoqtirmaydimi? — Gap inkorni ifoda qilsa qisqa javob ham inkor shaklda, aksincha bo'lsa javob ham aksincha bo'lyapdi, ya'ni, "not"ga "not" bilan javob beriladi. — O'z gapini tasdiqlatish uchun ham yuqoridagiga o'xshash qisqartmadan foydalansa bo'ladi. • She lives in London, doesn't she? - U Londonda yashaydi, shunday emasmi? — Agar gap inkor shaklda bo'lmasa, qisqa so'rov inkor shaklda bo'ladi. Yuqoridagi gap bunga misol. Agar gap inkor shaklda bo'lsa, qisqa so'rov inkor shaklda bo'lmaydi. • You haven't got a car, have you? - Sizning mashinangiz yo'q, yoki bormi? — Ijobiy gapga yana bir misol: • You'll help me, won't you - Siz menga yordam berasiz, yoki yo'qmi? (To'g'rimi, shunday emasmi kabi ma'nolar bilan tarjima qilish mumkin) Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 70 — O'tilgan mavzu bo'yicha misollar: • I bought a new car. Oh, have you? • I am learning Chinese. Really, are you? • You are late. Oh, am I? • I was ill last week. Were you? • It is raining again. Is it? • Bill can't drive. Can't he? • It is a beautiful day, isn't it? • She lives in London, doesn't she? • That isn't your car, is it? • You won't be late, will you? Eslatma: Mavzu o'z nihoyasiga yetdi, bu mavzuni to'liq o'zlashtirib bo'lib, keyingi mavzuga o'ting! UNIT 39: too / either so am I / neither do I etc. (men ham deb javob berish) — Inkorsiz gaplarda "too" ishlatiladi. • I am happy (men hursandman) • I am happy too (Men ham hursandman) — Inkor gaplarda xuddi shu ma'noni ifoda qilish uchun "either" ishlatiladi. Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 71 • I am not hungry (Men och emasman) • I am not hungry either (Men ham och emasman) — Ikkalasida ham "men ham" degan ma'no chiqadi. — Bu so'zlar doim gapning oxirida keladi. — Gapni takrorlamasdan shunchaki men ham deb javob berish uchun so/neither so'zlaridan foydalanamiz va ega bilan undan keyingi so'z o'rnini almashtirib yozamiz. — Agar gab inkorsiz bo'lsa "so" ishlatamiz. • I am tired (Men charchadim) • So am I (Men ham) — Agar gap inkorni ifoda qilsa "neither" ishlatiladi. • I haven't got a key (Menda kalit yo'q) • Neither have I (Menda ham) — Ko'rib turganingizdek, birinchi kishining gapi qaysi zamonda yoki have, will, can kabi so'zlardan qaysi biri bilan aytilsa, "men ham" deyishda ham shunday qilinadi. • So did I, neither do I, so will I, neither can I va hokazo. Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 72 — E'tibor beramiz, tepadagi "either" so'zini ishlatganimizda inkor borligi uchun "not" so'zini ham ishlatamiz. Ammo, "neither" ishlatilganda "not" qo'yilmaydi, chunki bu so'zning o'zi inkorni ifoda qiladi. — Ba'zan "neither" o'rnida "nor" ham ishlatiladi, ikkalasining vazifasi bir xil. • I'm not married (Men oila qurmaganman) • Nor am I (Men ham). — O'tilgan mavzu bo'yicha misollar: • I am happy • I am happy too. • I enjoyed the film. • I enjoyed it too. • I am not happy. • I am not happy either. • I am tired. • So am I. • I work in a bank. • So do I. • Ann can't cook. • Neither can Tom. Eslatma: Mavzu o'z nihoyasiga yetdi, bu mavzuni to'liq o'zlashtirib bo'lib, keyingi mavzuga o'ting! Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 73 UNIT 40: Negatives: isn't / haven't / don't — "to be" yoki yordamchi so'zdan keyin "not" ishlatamiz. Am/is/are - man/san kabilar bo'lib am not, is not, are not bilan emasman/emassan kabi inkor ma'noga aylanadi. — Was/were esa am/is/are ning past simple ko'rinishi, ya'ni oddiy o'tgan zamon. Inkor qilish: was not (wasn't) va were not (weren't). — Have - ega bo'lmoq, Have not (haven't) - ega emas, as - ega bo'lmoq (3-shaxs birlikda), Has not (hasn't) ega emas — Will - kelasi zamon yordamchi so'zi, Will not (won't) - ...moqchi emas, yoki ...maydi — Would - xohlamoq, Would not (wouldn't) - xohlamaslik — Can - qo'lidan kelmoq, Cannot (can't) - qo'lidan kelmaslik — Could - qo'lidan keldi (can so'zining o'tgan zamonda ishlatilishi), Could not (couldn't) - qo'lidan kelmadi — Should - afzal, yaxshiroq, Should not (shouldn't) - yaxshi emas — Must - zarur, Must not (mustn't) - zarur emas — Present simple (oddiy hozirgi zamon)da inkor qilish: Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 74 — Do - qilmoq, do not (don't) - qilmaslik. 3-shaxs birlik (he/she/it)da does not (doesn't). • They work hard - Ular qattiq ishlaydi. • They don't work hard - Ular qattiq ishlashmaydi. — Past simple (oddiy o'tgan zamon) da do - didga aylanadi. Did - qildi, did not (didn't) - qilmadi. • I got up early - Men erta turdim. • I didn't get up early - Men erta turmadim. — Get so'zi irregular (noto'g'ri) fe'llarga kirgani uchun oddiy o'tgan zamonda 2- shaklida, got bo'lib keladi. Did va didn't ishlatilganda 2-shakliga o'zgarmaydi, shuning uchun "get" yozildi. — Biror ishni qilma deb buyurish uchun ham "do not" (don't)dan foydalanamiz. • Look me - Menga qara! • Don't look me - Menga qarama! • Do it - Uni qil! Don't do it - Uni qilma! — Shunga o'xshash hollarda "do" 2 marta keladi. Birinchi do - yordamchi so'z, ya'ni inkor yoki inkor emasligini bildirish uchun. Chunki "not"ni yolg'iz ishlatolmaymiz, yonida doim yordamchi so'z bo'ladi. Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 75 — Have, can, should va hokazo shular jumlasidan. Ikkinchi "do" esa "qilmoq" degan alohida mustaqil so'z bo'ladi. — O'tilgan mavzu bo'yicha misollar: • I'm not tired. • It isn't raining. • They aren't here. • I don't smoke. • They don't work hard. • Tom doesn't play the guitar. • She doesn't like her job. • She didn't have a bath. • Don't go away! • I would like to be a doctor. Eslatma: Mavzu o'z nihoyasiga yetdi, bu mavzuni to'liq o'zlashtirib bo'lib, keyingi mavzuga o'ting! UNIT 41: Questions (1): is it ... ? have you ... ? do they ... ? etc. — Oddiy gapni savolga aylantirish uchun "to be" yoki yordamchi harakat (have, can, will va hokazo) so'zlarini gapning egasidan oldinga o'tkazamiz. — Agar gapda who - kim, what - nima, how - qancha, when - qachon, where - qayer, why - nimaga, which - qaysi kabi so'zlari bo'lsa bular gapning eng avvalida keladi. Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 76 — "To be" questions: 1.Hozirgi zamon (am/is/are) • You are working - Siz ishlayapsiz. • Are you working? - Siz ishlayapsizmi? 2.O'tgan zamon (was/were) • She was angry - U jahli chiqqan edi. • Was she angry - U jahli chiqqanmidi? — Yordamchi harakat so'zlari: have/has, will, would, can/could. • David has gone - David (biroz avval) ketdi. • Where has David gone - David qayerga ketdi? • You have got a car - Sizning mashinangiz bor. • Have you got a car - Sizning mashinangiz bormi? • They will be here - Ular shu yerda bo'lishadi. • When will they be here - Ular qachon shu yerda bo'lishadi? • Tom can swim - Tom suzishni biladi. • Can Tom swim - Tom suzishni biladimi? • You would like a drink - Siz ichimlik xohlaysiz. • Would you like a drink - Siz ichimlik xohlaysizmi? — Oddiy hozirgi zamondagi gapni savolga aylantirish uchun do/does ishlatamiz. Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 77 • He lives in London - U Londonda yashaydi. • Does he in London - U Londonda yashaydimi? — He/she/it da "live" kabi harakat so'zlariga "s" qo'shiladi, savol berganda esa doim "does" ishlatamiz va "s" qo'shmaymiz. — Boshqa holatlarda faqat "do" ishlatiladi. • They smoke - Ular chekishadi. • Do they smoke - Ular chekishadimi? — Oddiy o'tgan zamonda did ishlatamiz. • They worked hard - Ular qattiq ishlashdi. • Did they work hard - Ular qattiq ishlashdimi? — O'tgan zamonda "worked" kabi harakat so'zlariga qo'yiladigan "ed" qo'shimchasi "did" ishlatilganda qo'yilmaydi. • "And you?" - Sizchi degani bo'ladi. • I don't smoke, and you? - Men chekmayman, sizchi? — O'tilgan mavzu bo'yicha misollar: • I am late. • Am I late? Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 78 • She was angry. • Why was she angry? • David has gone. • Where has David gone? • You smoke. • Do you smoke? • Jack smokes. • Does Jack smoke? Eslatma: Mavzu o'z nihoyasiga yetdi, bu mavzuni to'liq o'zlashtirib bo'lib, keyingi mavzuga o'ting! UNIT 42: Questions (2): Who saw you? Who did you see? — So'roq so'zi gapda ega bo'lib kelsa, bunday yoziladi. • Who saw you? - Kim sizni ko'rdi? (Bu yerda "Who" ega). — So'roq so'zi gapda ega bo'lib kelmasa, bunday yoziladi. Who did you see? - Siz kimni ko'rdingiz? (Bu yerda "you" ega emas). — Odamlarga Who - kim, narsalarga What - nima ishlatiladi. — Who va What so'zlari ega bo'lib kelganda did, do, does qo'yilmaydi. Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 79 • Who lives in that house? - O'sha hovlida kim yashaydi? • What happened? - Nima sodir bo'ldi? • Who has got my key? - Meni kalitimni kim oldi? — Who va What so'zlari gapda ega bo'lib kelmasa, did, do, does va "To be" fe'li ishlatiladi. • Who did you meet yesterday? - Siz kecha kim bilan uchrashdingiz? • Who are you phoning? - Sizga kim qo'ng'iroq qilyapdi? • What was he wearing? - U nima kiyib olgan edi? • What does Bobur like? - Bobur nimani yoqtiradi? — O'tilgan mavzu bo'yicha misollar: • Who saw Julia? • Who did Fred see? • Who lives in that house? • What happened? • What's burning? • Who's got my key? • Who did you meet yeterday? • What did she say? • Who are you phoning? • What was he wearing? Eslatma: Mavzu o'z nihoyasiga yetdi, bu mavzuni to'liq o'zlashtirib bo'lib, keyingi mavzuga o'ting! Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 80 UNIT 43: Questions (3): Who is she talking to? What is it like? — What is it like? - U qanaqa? — What so'zi like bilan birga kelganda yuqoridagidek ma'noda tarjima qilinadi. What gapning boshida, like oxirida keladi. • What was the hotel like? - Mehmonxona qanaqa edi? — Who (kim), What (nima), Where (qayer), Which (qaysi) so'roqlari bilan to/for/about/with/from/of kabi (preposition) so'zlar ham bitta gapda ko'p uchraydi. — So'roq so'zlari gapning boshida, preposition gapning oxirida keladi. • Who did she go on holiday with? - U dam olishga kim bilan borgan edi? • Where is your friend from? - Sizning do'stingiz qayerlik? — So'roq emas oddiy gap bo'lsa preposition so'z gapning oxirida kelmaydi, savol berayotganda oxiriga o'tadi. • I am waiting for somebody (Men kimnidir kutyapman) • Who are you waiting for? (Siz kimni kutyapsiz?). • Alisher is talking to someone - Alisher bittasi bilan gaplashyapdi. • Who is Alisher talking to? - Alisher kim bilan gaplashyapdi? — O'tilgan mavzu bo'yicha misollar: Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 81 • I am thinking. • What are you thinking about? • What is your new house like? • What is it like? • Who doea this book belong to? • What does he look like? • What is it about? • Which hospital is he in? • What is your new teacher like? • What are they like? Eslatma: Mavzu o'z nihoyasiga yetdi, bu mavzuni to'liq o'zlashtirib bo'lib, keyingi mavzuga o'ting! UNIT 44: What ...? Which ... ? How ... ? — Narsalarni rangi, razmeri, sana va soat vaqtlari, poytaxtlarga o'xshash (tanlash varianti yo'q) bitta bo'ladigan narsalar, nima qilyapdi, nimani yoqtiradi, nima bo'lyapdi, nomi nima, nomeri nechchi kabi so'roqlarda "What" ishlatiladi. • What colour is your car? - Sizning mashinangiz rangi qanaqa? • What size is this shirt? - Bu ko'ylakning razmeri qanaqa? • What time is it? - Soat nechchi bo'ldi? • What is your telephone number? - Sizning telefon nomeringiz nechchi? • What kind of music do you like? - Siz qanaqa musiqani yoqtirasiz? • What is the capital of Uzbekistan? - O'zbekiston poytaxti qayer? Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 82 — Tanlash imkoni bor holatlarda "Which" ishlatiladi. Bu bilan savol berilganda bir nechta javob varianti bo'lishi kerak. • There are four umbrellas here. Which is yours? - U yerda to'rtta soyabon turibdi. Qaysi biri sizniki? • Which is bigger - Canada or Australia? - Qaysi biri katta, Kanada yoki Avstraliya? — Agar variantlar odam bo'lsa "Which" o'rnida "Who" ishlatiladi. • Who is taller - Bobur or Akmal? - Qaysi biri uzun, Bibur yoki Akmal? — Qancha degan so'roqning ko'p turlarida "How" ishlatiladi. Yoshi nechchida, masofa qancha, qanchalik tez, qanchalik katta, qanchalik og'ir, qanday bo'ldi so'roqlarida ishlatiladi. • How old are you? - Yoshingiz nechchida? • How tall is your father? - Siznig otangizni bo'yi qancha? • How often do you go on holiday? - Siz dam olishga qanchada bir chiqib turasiz? • How was the party last night? - O'tgan kechadagi bayram qanday bo'ldi? • How do you usually go to work? - Siz doim ishga qanday ketasiz? • How far is it from Paris to Moskow? - Parijdan Moskvagacha qancha masofa bor? • How big is the house? - Uy qanchalik katta? • How heavy is it box? - Bu qutining og'irligi qancha? • How fast can this plane fly? - Bu samalyot qanchalik tez uchadi? — O'tilgan mavzu bo'yicha misollar: Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 83 • What color ia your car? • What time is it? • Which train dis you catch? • Which doctor did you see? • Who is taller? • Which is bigger? • Which way shall we go? • Which ia yours? • What colour are your eyes? • How old ia your father? Eslatma: Mavzu o'z nihoyasiga yetdi, bu mavzuni to'liq o'zlashtirib bo'lib, keyingi mavzuga o'ting! UNIT 45: How long does it take ...? — Present simple - oddiy hozirgi zamonda. • How long does it take by car from Andijan to Tashkent? - Andijondan Toshkentgacha mashinada qancha vaqt oladi? — Javob berishda "It takes" jumlasidan foydalanamiz. Gap present simple bo'lgani uchun takes deymiz. • It takes 7 hours by car from Andijan to Tashkent - Andijondan Toshkentgacha mashinada 7 soat oladi. ("ketadi" desak ham bo'ladi). Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 84 — Past simple - oddiy o'tgan zamonda. • How long did it take you to read it? - Siz uni o'qishingizga qancha vaqt ketdi? — Javob berishda "take" so'zini 2-shaklda yozamiz. • It took me two weeks to read it - Men uni o'qishimga ikki hafta ketdi. — Future - kelasi zamonda. • How long will it take me to learn to drive? - Mening haydashni o'rganishim uchun qancha vaqt ketadi? • It will take you two weeks to learn to drive - Siz haydashni o'rganishingiz uchun ikki hafta ketadi. — Ba'zi kerakli so'zlar: To - ga (yo'nalish) For - ga, uchun About - haqida With - bilan From - dan Of - ning In - ichida On - ustida At - da (manzilda) Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 85 Look for - izlash Kind of yoki sort of - qanaqa, qaysi How many - nechta How old - yoshi qanaqa Download 1.6 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
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