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- Save us unnecessary expenses! Send in your subscription for ABN Correspondence immediately! 92
- What can the W est do Some of the suggestions in Combat on Communist Territory edited by Charles Moser are worth taking a closer look at. 1.
- 2. Freedom Fighter leaders should be publicly received by leaders of free governments.
- 3. The Freedom Fighter m ovem ents should be backed in international fora.
- 4. The Freedom Fighters should be in vited before official legislative fora in W estern countries.
- 5. The W est should assist in organizing and funding coordinating meetings among leaders of the various anti-com m unist insurgencies in the world.
- 6. The Freedom Fighter movem ents should formulate a general theory of anti-com m unist insurgency.
- 7. The Freedom Fighters should be as sisted in establishing inform ation centers in major cities abroad.
- 8. International new s broadcasts beamed to Soviet Russia and its satellites should place special emphasis upon anti-com m unist insurgencies.
- 9. Films and documentaries on the anti communist insurgencies should be pre pared for public distribution in the West.
- 10. The W est must elaborate a theory of the transition from a communist society to a post-com m unist one.
- A Chronicle of the Fight for Freedom
- Communist Failure to use Nationalism
§50 bond.
W a sh in g to n P o st S a t u r d a y , M a rch 3 0 , 1985 89 Communist Political War Defeat - The Grenada Papers The intervention in Grenada on Octo ber 25, 1983, was an important victory in the political-psychological war as well as a significant military victory. An estab lished communist regime (New Jewel) was deposed and for the first time in history the archives of a communist state were opened to Western observers and scholars. The ICS Press in October 1984, on the first anniversary of the invasion, pub lished a selection of captured documents THE GRENADA PAPERS (ICS Press, 785 Market Street, Suite 750, San Fran cisco, CA 94103. Distribution in Europe Clio Distribution Services, 55 St. Thomas Street, Oxford 0X1 1JG, England. Price: US $ 16.95 (cloth) US $ 8.95 (paper). In the foreword the editors, Professors Seabury and McDougall, state: “What makes these papers from Grenada doubly valuable is that they permit us intimately to witness both the dynamics of a Marxist- Leninist regime in the early stages of the consolidation and its emerging relation to broader configurations of political power in the communist world.” The New Jewel leaders copied the methods of their Soviet Russian forerun ners: plans were made for a crackdown on Catholic and Protestant churches. The Party Propaganda Department set up ideological crash courses to “re-educate” the masses. Requests were made to An dropov and General Ustinov for military aid and cadre training in Russia. Agree ments were made between the New Jewel Movement (NJM) of Grenada and the Communist party of Soviet Russia and the parties of East Germany, Cuba and North Korea. To the West, Maurice Bishop and his colleagues tried to show another face and started public relations campaigns to find support in media, governments and among blacks, mainly in the United States. One of the most interesting documents in the book from a political warfare standpoint is the reprint of a handwritten report of a NJM member studying at the International Leninist School in Moscow. The course started with a three week language training in Russian. Topics after that included “The World Revolutionary Process in the Contemporary Epoch”, “Social Psychology and Propaganda”. The Grenadian cell is reported having developed contacts with colleagues in the Nicaraguan, Angolan, Mozambique, Ethi opian, South African, Syrian, Columbian and Denmark collectives and especially close contacts with the Jamaican col lective. The report ends with a call for “building a strong party on Marxist- Leninist principles and to the defense and building up of the revolution along the lines that would lead to achieving So cialism.” CPSU’s International Leninist School has since the 1920s served as the principal training center for communist operatives all over the world. Another fascinating document is the report of the Grenadian Ambassador in Moscow, W. Richard Jason, to Maurice Bishop. In the report Jason points out the two countries in the region ripe for "in fluence operations”: “Of all the regional possibilities, the most likely candidate for special attention is Surinam. If we can be an overwhelming influence on Surinams international behaviour, then our im portance in the Soviet scheme of things will be greatly enhanced. To the extent that we can take credit for bringing any other country into the progressive fold, our prestige and influence would be great ly enhanced. Another candidate is Belize. I think that we need to do some more work in that country. THE GRENADA PAPERS is a must for every student of political warfare. It shows the importance the Soviet Union 90 CHURCH UNDER SIEGE Eric Brady gives us an insight into what Catholicism means to the harassed Christians in Ukraine Early this year documents were smug gled to the West from Ukraine about new action that was to be taken against the Catholic Church. Among them was a copy of a Decree of the Regional Committee of the Com munist Party of the Zakarpatya Region of Ukraine. It was marked “secret” and dated 3rd July 1984. Ukraine, in the southern part of the Soviet Union has immense riches in many minerals including oil and coal as well as having a rich agricultural area. So it has always been important to Russia ever since the early 18th Century. But when Tsarist Russia collapsed in the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917 Ukraine declared itself an independent country, the Ukrainian National Republic. That only lasted until 1921 when faced by superior forces in numbers and weap onry and without medical supplies, its army was defeated by the Bolshevik Red Army. Moscow was determined to crush the continuing underground resistance move ment and any other possible source of resistence to its ideology and control. So the NKVD (forerunner of the KGB) mov ed against the intelligentsia, the peasantry attaches to any advance in the Western hemisphere. In the words of Russian Marshal Ogarkov in a meeting with Gre nadian military leaders in Moscow on March 10, 1983: “...over two decades ago, there was only Cuba in Latin America, today there are Nicaragua, Grenada, and a serious battle is going on in El Salva dor.” B e r til H a g g m a n , T h e P o lit ic a l W a r fa r e F r o n t J a n .- M a r ., 1985 and especially, against the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church. About 40 Metropolitans, Archbishops and Bishops and about 20,000 priests and monks were quickly executed. A second purge, at the beginning of the Moscow-induced famine in Ukraine (1932- 1933) in which nearly seven million Ukrainians died, exterminated thousands of clergy and church officials, and the Church was officially dissolved. But the Church did not die. It went underground and for the past 50 years has continued to teach and preach. The official policy of the Soviet Union is anti-Church and anti-religion — even the State Head of Religious Affairs is an atheist! It stems, as does everything, from Lenin’s declarations. In a letter to A. M. Gorky in 1913 he wrote, "Every religious idea, every idea of a god is unutterable vileness of the most dangerous kind. Mil lions of sins, filthy deeds, acts of violence, and physical contagions are far less dangerous than the subtle, spiritual idea of a god decked out in the smartest ‘ideologi cal’ costumes”. So even in the schools atheism is taught as a subject to all children. But despite all this, the Decree of the 3rd July 1984 complains of the failure of the State “anti-Catholic propaganda and the militant atheist education of youth”. Earlier that year the Ukrainian Catholic Church had grown so large it was asking that the ban imposed in 1931 should be lifted and for the Church to be able to function openly and legally. The decree laid down what action was to be taken against all Church members in a fresh persecution. It was not just a local decision in a small area, but the imple mentation of a policy decision taken at 91 the 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in line with the pro nouncements of Konstantin Chernenko. There were to be five new measures: ■ Anti-Church propaganda was to be stepped up. E Criminal charges were to be made against Church members in villages where there were few; where there were many, other measures were to be taken. H Sunday Masses were to be forbidden on the grounds that there was too much work to be done on the collectives and State farms. Any dissidents were to be punished by fines, loss of wages and blocking of the education of their children. ■ Catholic activists were to be dealt with severely. ■ A special psychiatric department to “treat” the arrested Catholics was to be set up near the existing Regional Psychi atric Hospital. The KGB has established many “psy chiatric hospitals” throughout the Soviet Union over the years to deal with dis sidents of all kinds. Vladimir Bukovskiy who came to the West in December 1976 spent 12 years in Soviet prisons and “psychiatric hospitals”, including the notorious Serbsky Institute in Moscow. He has described the suffering that was imposed on him and other “pa tients” in the name of “treatment”. The KGB will inform the “hospital” that a certain dissident should be hospital ised. He is there diagnosed as “insane” by a low-level staff member but he may be seen for a few minutes by a psychiatrist. As one put it, “For us to make a medi cal diagnosis it is enough simply to know of the existence of anti-government letters. There’s no need to read them.” Drugs, massive doses of insulin, and EST (electric shock treatment) are used as normal practice, but straightforward torture plays its part as well. Bukovskiy has described how a “pa tient” will be picked at random, be wrap ped in a canvas bag which is then soaked with icy water and left. The canvas shrinks and begins to crush the “patient”. The Zakarpatska Decree directed that provision was to be made to accommodate an additional 250 people for treatment and the staff was to be increased and to include five doctors and 60 medical staff. All were to be “trustworthy comrades of the medical service”. It added. "It is desirable that two-thirds of the activists of the Ukrainian Catholic Church be directed for compulsory treat ment.” A doctor at one of the “psychiatric hospitals” in Leningrad told a “patient”, “Your discharge depends on your conduct. By conduct, we mean your opinions pre cisely on political questions. Your disease is dissent”. The Catholic Church in Ukraine and elsewhere is undergoing a fresh outburst of persecution, which is unnoticed and largely unpublicised in the West. This is being done at the same time that the Soviet Union is wanting to revive d e ten te because they have found that the policy of open confrontation has not brought the gains they had hoped it would. However, the Church and the public in the West must remain fully aware of the type of regime it is dealing with, the policies that would be imposed on us should they gain the position of power they have in Ukraine. And gaining that power is precisely their declared aim. C a th o lic H e r a ld , F e b r u a r y 22, 1985 Save us unnecessary expenses! Send in your subscription for ABN Correspondence immediately! 92 B o o k R e v i e w Political Support for Combat on Communist Territory The development of anti-communist guerrilla warfare in countries under com munist totalitarian rule since 1975 has created a new political warfare situation. The political dimensions of the new situa tion are promising. It seems necessary for the West to take a new look at the ques tion of support for anti-communist in surgencies. Since the creation of the stra tegy of containment at the end of the 1940s western nations have avoided sup port of liberation movements in com munist countries, at least overt support. In a recently published book the editors suggest that the West must decide on prin ciple that we shall assist insurgencies against communist regimes wherever they may appear with all the material resources they can usefully employ while not seek ing to exercise any operational control. The book, “COMBAT ON COM MUNIST TERRITORY” (Regnery Gate way Inc., 940 North Shore Drive, Lake Bluff, IL. 60044 1985) is the result of re search done by Free Congress Research & Education Foundation in Washington D.C. In the foreword US Senator Malcolm Wallop states: “Acts of resistance in com munist areas, many Western leaders fear, might lead the Soviets to expand their influence simply to hold on to what they have. But the situation is precisely the opposite. Resistance in communist areas is the guarantee against communist expan sion.” What can the W est do? Some of the suggestions in Combat on Communist Territory edited by Charles Moser are worth taking a closer look at. 1. The West should encourage the establishment of provisional governm ents The West has always been careful when it has come to govenments — in exile or provisional governments. Mr. Moser mentions two countries where the in surgents hold sizeable areas: Angola and Afghanistan. Recognition of provisional governments established by UNITA and Afghan political groups would strengthen the political platform of anti-communist insurgents. Political warfare media suc cess is an important part of the struggle if not equal to military success in the home country. During the Vietnam war the communists used political and media support to strengthen the position of the communist insurgents in South Vietnam and the Vietnam war was partly won on the political warfare front. There is no reason why the West should not use po litical support for insurgencies in com munist areas. 2. Freedom Fighter leaders should be publicly received by leaders of free governments. To strengthen the international standing of leading freedom fighters they should be treated by Western governments as the popular leaders they are and honored with official receptions. It would strength en their international status and create much needed publicity in the intensive war of information. 3. The Freedom Fighter m ovem ents should be backed in international fora. Soviet Russia and its puppet regimes always support communist guerilla move ments in international fora such as the 93 United Nations and also in different re gional organizations. Western nations should act to make it possible for repre sentatives of liberation movements to ap pear before the United Nations General Assembly to state their cases and to create an opportunity for them to participate in subsidiary organizations of UN. 4. The Freedom Fighters should be in vited before official legislative fora in W estern countries. In the United States liberation leaders could be invited to address committees of the Congress and give testimony on the situation in their respective countries. 5. The W est should assist in organizing and funding coordinating meetings among leaders of the various anti-com m unist insurgencies in the world. Although there is extensive experience of anti-communist insurgency before 1975 (Ukraine, Lithuania and others) it would be valuable if funding could be offered for meetings of liberation fighters from the areas presently involved in anti-com munist insurgency. An exchange of ideas and the creation of common ideas in the struggle against communist oppression would be most valuable. Different groups could also be given the opportunity to visit each other in the field and exchange observers. 6. The Freedom Fighter movem ents should formulate a general theory of anti-com m unist insurgency. The editor of Combat on Communist Territory has contributed with a very interesting chapter, “Toward a Theory of Anti-Communist Insurgency”. There is extensive communist literature on guerilla warfare but very little theoretical material written on anti-communist insurgencies. A thorough analysis of active liberation struggle is needed and Western publishers supporting the freedom struggle should encourage manuscripts on a general theory of anti-communist insurgency and publish those manuscripts. It would provide im portant basic written material and serve as encouragement for others. 7. The Freedom Fighters should be as sisted in establishing inform ation centers in major cities abroad. Some of the liberation organisations fighting on communist territory have in formation centers in the West and repre sentatives spreading information and in fluencing opinion. It is important to find support in the West and such information centers, if sophisticated enough, could be important political warfare tools. In formation from these centers should be as credible and accurate as possible. 8. International new s broadcasts beamed to Soviet Russia and its satellites should place special emphasis upon anti-com m unist insurgencies. To spread news among the peoples of the subjugated nations such services as Voice of America, BBC, Radio Liberty and Radio Free Europe should report in detail on insurgency on communist ter ritory. This would mean an enormous encouragement for all opposed to the Rus sian oppressors and demonstrate that Soviet Russia and its client states around the world as well as the “satellites” are not invulnerable. Of special importance would be to beam statements by and interviews with Russian defectors in for example Afghanistan. 9. Films and documentaries on the anti communist insurgencies should be pre pared for public distribution in the West. Extensive coverage of left-wing insur gencies is provided by left-leaning jour nalists in almost all radio and TV-net- works in North America and Western Europe. To spread information on anti communist insurgencies it is of great im portance that organisations supporting 94 instance Angola, Nicaragua and Afghani- the liberation struggle produce docu mentaries on what is happening in for stan. Governmental organizations could provide an outlet for distribution. Of importance is to show these documentaries in Third World countries. EFC, ABN and others can also contribute in this sphere. 10. The W est must elaborate a theory of the transition from a communist society to a post-com m unist one. When the communist regime on Gre nada fell in 1983 it offered a unique op portunity to the West to do some creative thinking on the transition period after the downfall of communist regimes until democratic structures could be created or restored. The lesson of Grenada has shown that it is necessary for research institutions in the West to study this problem. Organ isations such as ABN and EFC can play a role in this connection. A Chronicle of the Fight for Freedom Combat on Communist Territory is an important book. It gives a detailed over view of the present anti-communist in surgencies on three continents: Nicaragua, Mozambique, Angola, Afghanistan and Cambodia and also describes the liberation of Grenada. For the historical perspective the first chapter of the book is valuable. The war in Ukraine and Lithuania can well serve as a model for insurgencies not only in Europe but also in Africa, Asia and Latin America. The experience of UPA and LFA shows that “wars of na tional liberation” can well be used by the West in the fight against the Soviet Russian empire in the future. Communist Failure to use Nationalism In a recent voluminous study, THE NATIONAL QUESTION IN MARXIST- LENINIST THEORY AND STRATEGY (Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey 08540. Price: US $ 62.00 (cloth), US S 14.50 (paper) Walter Con nor has studied the relationship between nationalism and communism since 1848. His study shows that Marx and Engels found it of great importance to use the forces of nationalism to further the world revolutionary process. The later tactical refinement of Lenin led to some com munist successes in the field. Lenin recommended a three-pronged strategy for harnessing nationalism. First, prior to assumption of power, all national groups were to be promised the right to self-determination (including the right to secession). Secondly, after taking power the hope of a right of secession was to be kept alive and thirdly, the party was to be kept free from all nationalist pro clivities. Soviet Russia is trying to pose as a champion of self-determination by ad vancing the myth that the people in the Tsarist empire joined the "Soviet Union” voluntarily. Connor notes that in 1979 forty-five notables of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania demanded independence from Moscow in an open letter. They wrote in the letter that the Russian authorities had in 1920 ceded independence “for all time” and relinquished “all sovereign rights”. Russia’s language policies as a means of Russification is given extensive treatment in the book. The tendency to favour Rus sian is especially noticeable in book publi cation. In 1970, 60,000 books were pub lished in Russian and only 3,000 in Ukrainian. Connor cites a Soviet publica tion, “The Handbook of World Popula tion”, to the effect that "groups of people who have changed their language in the course of time usually also change their ethnic (national) identity.” As an example of attempts of the Soviet Russian authorities to distribute popula tion to further Russification is mentioned the case of the obligation of students at Download Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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