Index and Concordance to Alexander Vassiliev’s Notebooks and Soviet Cables Deciphered by the National Security Agency’s Venona Project
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Notebook #4, 61. OMP – Otdel Morskikh Perevozok: Department of Marine Transportation. Venona USA Naval GRU, 62. OMS: Otdel Mezhdunarodnykh Svyazey – International Relations Department, a reference to the OMS of the Communist International. Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 135. OMUT [POOL] (cover name in Venona): British embassy in the U.S. Venona Washington KGB, 7, 10– 11, 13–14, 16, 23–24. “Omut” (Russian original of a cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “Pool”. Ondra: Hungarian birth name of Edith Emery. Venona New York KGB 1941–42, 72–73. O.N.I. (ONI): Office of Naval Intelligence, U.S. Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 5–8. OO: Osoby Otdel – Special Department, usually counter-intelligence. OO GUGB: The GUGB’s “special department” that conducted counter-intelligence. Vassiliev Yellow
OO NKVD: The NKVD’s “special department” that conducted counter-intelligence. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 90. OO OGPU: The OGPU’s “special department” that conducted counter-intelligence security. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 5; Vassiliev Odd Pages, 5; Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 100. OPA: Office of Price Administration. Venona New York KGB 1943, 246. Operative: KGB terminology for a professional intelligence officer. Usually not used to refer to agents or sources (probationers) or co-optives from other Soviet agencies. “Operator” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Hazen Sise. While not directly identified in Vassiliev’s notebooks as Sise, “Operator” is described as a contact of Elizabeth Bentley and
working in Washington “for the Canadian motion-picture representative office”. Elizabeth Bentley identified Sise, a secret Canadian Communist and Washington representative of the Canadian National Film Board, as one of the sources for her network. 109
Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 10. OPM: Office of Production Management, U.S.: Vassiliev Black Notebook, 42; Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 26, 36. OPPEN (cover name in Venona): Unidentified Soviet intelligence source/agent. Venona analysts had two candidates for OPPEN but the names were redacted when NSA released the decryptions. For a discussion that OPPEN was not a cover name but a real name, the surname of the Communist Poet George Oppen and his wife Mary, see two essays by Eric Hoffman. 110
Venona USA GRU, 99, 104–5, 108. Oppenheim: Misspelling of the surname of Robert Oppenheimer. Venona New York KGB 1944, 729; Venona Special Studies, 152, 154. Oppenheimer, Frank: Nuclear scientist. Brother of J. Robert Oppenheimer. Secret member of the CPUSA. Target of recruitment. Cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks: “Beam”. As Oppenheimer: Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 107, 117; Venona San Francisco KGB, 277. As “Beam”: Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 107, 117, 136, 138; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 10, 31. Oppenheimer, J. Robert: Nuclear scientist and scientific director of the Manhattan project. Secret member of the CPUSA. Brother of Frank Oppenheimer. Target of recruitment. Cover names in Vassiliev’s notebooks: “Chester” (early 1944 to mid-1945 and again in 1954), “Chemist” (September 1944), “Yew” (late 1944–1945), and “Doctor” (1954). As Oppenheimer: Vassiliev
114, 132, 191; Venona Special Studies, 152 (spelled Oppenheim), 154 (spelled Oppenheim). As “Chester”: Vassiliev Black Notebook, 113; Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 117–18; Vassiliev
“Optant” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Samuel Dickstein, 1937. Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 83. Ordensburgen: Term for elite Nazi schools. Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 100–101. Order of ‘76: Secret anti-Semitic society in the 1930s. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 97. Order of Friendship Among Nations: Soviet decoration. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 67. Order of Patriotic War: Soviet decoration. Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 109. Order of the Badge of Honor: Soviet decoration. Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 151. Order of the Red Banner: Soviet decoration. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 140; Venona Washington KGB, 35; Venona San Francisco KGB, 162. Order of the Red Star: Soviet decoration. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 120, 140; Vassiliev White Notebook
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——————————— 109. Bentley, “Deposition 1945,” 50. 110. Eric Hoffman, “A Poetry of Action: George Oppen and Communism,” American
and Communism’: Responses and Further Investigations,” American Communist History 9, no. 2 (August 2010).
“Orderly” [Sanitar] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Herbert Lehman, 1943–1944. Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 115; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #2, 79. Ordynski, Ryszard: Described as a Polish film producer. Venona New York KGB 1944, 363. Orear, Stanley: Described as an OPA official. Venona New York KGB 1943, 246. Orekhov, Fedor Terentievich: Soviet diplomat. Venona New York KGB 1943, 215–16; Venona USA Diplomatic, 59. OREL [EAGLE] (cover name in Venona): Unidentified Soviet intelligence source/agent Venona New York KGB 1944, 190–91, 244; Venona Special Studies, 53. “Orel” (Russian original of a cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “Eagle”. Organization for the Rebirth of Ukraine (ODVU): Ukrainian nationalist organization. Vassiliev Black
ORIGINAL [ODD FELLOW] (cover name in Venona): Unidentified Soviet intelligence source/agent, earlier JUPITER [YUPITER]. Venona New York KGB 1944, 542, 703; Venona Special Studies, 53, 84, 176. Orive de Alba, Adolfo: Soviet intelligence source/agent, Mexico. Cover name in Venona: OKH. As Orive de Alba: Venona New York KGB 1943, 363; Venona New York KGB 1945, 153; Venona Special Studies, 54. As OKH: Venona New York KGB 1943, 362–63; Venona New York KGB 1945, 153; Venona Special Studies, 54. Orlando, ?: Described as a member of William McAdoo’s law firm. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 19. ORLEAN [ORLAN] (cover name in Venona): Unidentified Soviet intelligence officer/agent. Likely a garble of or variant of ORLEANS/Berezin. Venona USA GRU, 48. ORLEANS (cover name in Venona): Pavel F. Berezin. Venona USA GRU, 36–37. Orlemanskij (and Orlemanski), Stanislaus: Polish-American Roman Catholic priest who headed the Kosciuszko League, a small pro-Soviet Polish-American organization. Venona New York KGB
Orley, Aleksandr: Student at the U.S. Army military intelligence school. Venona New York KGB 1943, 43–44. Orloff, Nicholas: See Nicolaj V. Orlov. Orlov, ?: Soviet intelligence officer/agent who received passport via “Sound”, mid- to late-1930s. Cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks: “Plumb”. As Orlov and “Plumb”: Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 139. Orlov, Andrej Romanovich: Soviet intelligence officer, SGPC. Cover name in Venona: VOLKOV. Venona New York KGB 1944, 231–32, 394; Venona San Francisco KGB, 79, 98, 131, 165–66, 181, 196–97, 203, 205–7, 211, 218, 220, 231, 239, 243–44, 256, 271, 279–80, 282, 290, 293–94, 302–3; Venona Special Studies, 17, 98. As VOLKOV: Venona New York KGB 1944, 394;
20, 230–31, 239, 242–44, 256, 271, 279–82, 290, 293–94, 302–3; Venona Special Studies, 17, 98. ORLOV (cover name in Venona): Unidentified. Venona San Francisco KGB, 92; Venona Special Studies, 110. Orlov, Ivan Timofeevich: Soviet intelligence officer/agent. References to in 1949. Cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks: “Starter”. As Orlov and “Starter”: Vassiliev Black Notebook, 74. Orlov, Konstantin Andreevich: Soviet intelligence agent. Cover name in Venona: KURNEVSKIJ. As Orlov: Venona New York KGB 1941–42, 8. As KURNEVSKIJ: Venona New York KGB 1941–
Orlov, Nicolaj Vladimirovich: Soviet intelligence agent. Russian immigrant, former Russian army officer of aristocratic background. Cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks: “Osipov”. Cover name in Venona: OSIPOV. As Orlov: Venona New York KGB 1943, 86, 139 (appears as Nicholas Orloff), 148; Venona New York KGB 1944, 55, 141; Venona New York KGB 1945, 67, 101, 171;
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Venona New York KGB 1943, 86, 138–39, 147–48; Venona New York KGB 1944, 54–55, 141, 160; Venona New York KGB 1945, 66–67, 100–101, 171; Venona Special Studies, 53–54, 165. Orlovskij, Pavel Andreevich: Amtorg employee, possibly a Naval GRU cipher officer. Venona USA
“Orochen”: Soviet ship. Venona USA Naval GRU, 30. Oroshko, ?: Venona analysts thought this a reference to Joseph W. Orozco. Venona New York KGB
O'Rourke: Venona analysts thought this a reference to Walter Rourke. Venona New York KGB 1943, 132, 330. Orozco, Joseph W.: Student at the U.S. Army Military Intelligence school. Venona New York KGB 1943, 44. “Orphan”: See “Waise”. Orsatti, Frank and Victor: Hollywood figures. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #3, 59–60. Orsod-1 (title): Described as an American directive of mid-1945 regarding relations with Germany. Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 98. “Osa” (Russian original of a cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “Wasp”. OSA [WASP] (cover name in Venona): Ruth Greenglass. Venona New York KGB 1944, 624, 643, 714, 716, 729; Venona New York KGB 1945, 24; Venona Special Studies, 53, 154. OSA [WASP] (cover name in Venona): Lyudmila Nikolaevna Alekseeva. Venona New York KGB 1944, 54–55; Venona Special Studies 53. “Oscar” [Oskar] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Oscar Bernstein, references to in 1948.
Osechko, ?: Soviet official, 1923, either GPU or NKID. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 50–51. Osenberg, Werner: University of Hannover engineering scientist who headed the Nazi regime’s Wehrforschungsgemeinschaft (Military Research Association). Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 140, 143. “Osip” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Unidentified Soviet diplomat, vice consul, New York City 1934, seconded to KGB. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 3; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #3, 1–4. Osipenko, Kondratij Filippovich: Soviet ship internal security source. Cover name in Venona: MASHEN'KA. As Osipenko: Venona San Francisco KGB, 119. As MASHEN'KA: Venona San
Osipov, Aleksandr Petrovich: Pseudonym used by Gayk Ovakimyan when meeting with General Donovan and General Deane in Moscow. Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 87, 103. Osipov, Captain ?: Soviet naval officer. Venona USA Naval GRU, 352. OSIPOV (cover name in Venona): Unidentified Soviet ship internal security source. Venona San
“Osipov” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Nicolaj Vladimirovich Orlov. unidentified in Vassiliev’s notebooks but identified in Venona as Orlov. Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 36. OSIPOV (cover name in Venona): Nicolaj Vladimirovich Orlov (Nikolay Orloff). Venona New York KGB 1943, 86, 138–39, 147–48; Venona New York KGB 1944, 54–55, 141, 160; Venona New York KGB 1945, 66–67, 100–101, 171; Venona Special Studies, 53–54, 165. Osipovich, Nadia Morris: Soviet intelligence co-optee. Also known as Nadya Osipovicha. Employee of the SGPC in Portland, OR. contact. Cover name in Venona: WATCHDOG and WATCH-DOG [ZHUChKA]. As Osipovich, Osipovicha, WATCHDOG, WATCH-DOG, and ZHUChKA: Venona San Francisco KGB, 75, 77; Venona Special Studies, 101. “Oskar” (Russian original of a cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “Oscar”. “Osmussar”: Soviet ship. Venona USA Naval GRU, 39, 57, 117. Osoaviakhim: Society to Assist Defense, Aviation and Chemical Development, USSR. Vassiliev Odd Pages, 6; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 77. Osobka-Morawski, Edward Boleslaw: Prime Minister of the pro-Soviet Polish provisional government (Lublin government). Venona New York KGB 1944, 386.
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OSPREY [RYBOLOV] (cover name in Venona): Unidentified Soviet ship internal security source. Venona San Francisco KGB, 109; Venona Special Studies, 114. OSPREY [RYBOLOV] (cover name in Venona): Stephen Urewich. Unidentified by Venona analysts but identified in Vassiliev’s notebooks as Urewich. The cover name RYBOLOV, translated as FISHERMAN and as OSPREY, in Venona was later changed to BLOCK. In Vassiliev’s notebooks “Rybolov”, translated as “Fisherman”, was changed to “Block” and “Block” was identified as Stephen Urewich. Venona New York KGB 1944, 274, 340, 462, 543; Venona Special Studies, 64. “Osprey”: See “Fisherman”. OSS: See Office of Strategic Services. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 67, 71, 78–79, 88, 90; Vassiliev Odd
2, 19, 35, 76; Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 62, 64, 68, 76, 80, 95, 104–7, 110, 125–29, 132–35; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #3, 40–41, 43–45, 62; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 39; Venona New York KGB 1941–42, 6, 29, 52–53; Venona New York KGB 1943, 80; Venona New York KGB 1944, 109, 526, 567, 578, 684, 766; Venona Washington KGB, 62; Venona USA GRU, 70, 99, 113, 121. OSS veterans organization: cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks, “Pool”. As OSS veterans and “Pool”:
OSSHO: Soviet cipher office. Venona USA Diplomatic, 42–43, 50–54, 78–79. “Ost”: Soviet ship. Venona San Francisco KGB, 141–42, 246. “Ostap” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Unidentified Soviet intelligence officer. Viennese station chief, 1950. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #3, 66–69, 71, 73–78, 80–81. “Ostap” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Unidentified Soviet intelligence officer/agent in Mexico 1957. Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 74–75. “Ostap” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Unidentified Soviet intelligence officer/agent who had known “Vendor”. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 55. Ostermann, ?: described as pro-Nazi German emigre. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 12. “Ostorozhny” (Russian original of a cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “Cautious”. OSTOROZHNYJ [CAUTIOUS] (cover name in Venona): Julius J. Joseph. Venona New York KGB 1943, 103; Venona New York KGB 1944, 577–78, 584; Venona Special Studies, 54. Ostroukhov, Aleksandr E.: Soviet official in Seattle. Venona San Francisco KGB, 160–61, 166; Venona USA Naval GRU, 330–31. “Ostrov” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Great Britain. “Ostrov”, the Russian word for island, was the cover name for Great Britain, and elsewhere in the notebooks it is translated as “Island” and page number for “Island” are listed with the “Island” entry. However, “Ostrov” in the Latin alphabet appears in reports written in English by Harry Gold. Consequently, “Ostrov” is left untranslated in Vassiliev’s notebooks on those two occasions. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 71, 76. OSTROV [ISLAND] (cover name in Venona): Great Britain. Venona New York KGB 1943, 5, 24, 70, 135, 164, 192–93, 208, 234, 280, 288, 310; Venona New York KGB 1944, 11, 15, 51, 80, 88, 108–9, 152, 175, 216, 222, 229, 256, 267–68, 282, 368, 377, 379, 388, 454, 476–77, 504, 533, 537, 566–67, 587, 593, 644, 758, 767, 776; Venona Washington KGB, 10, 32, 43, 46, 58; Venona
“Ostrova slez” (Russian original of a cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “Island of Tears”. OSTROVITYANE [ISLANDERS] (cover name in Venona): The British. Venona New York KGB 1944, 11, 34, 51, 88, 94–95, 116–18, 152, 215, 221–22, 267–68, 350–51, 367, 515–16, 664; Venona Washington KGB, 28, 43, 46. Ostrovskij, Nikolaj Pavlovich: Soviet intelligence officer. Cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks: “Korobov.” Cover name in Venona: KOROBOV. As Ostrovskij: 269–70, 290, 632, 646;
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Ostrovskoe: Venona analysts thought this an error of Ostrovskij. Venona New York KGB 1944, 269. Ostrovsky, Nikolay: See Nikolaj Pavlovich Ostrovskij. Ostrow, Walter W.: American diplomat. Venona New York KGB 1944, 651–52. OSWALD [OS'VALD] (cover name in Venona): Benjamin Gerig. Venona New York KGB 1945, 97; Venona Special Studies, 53. “Otchim” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): “Stepfather”. OTCHIM [STEPFATHER] (cover name in Venona): Andrey Andreyevich Gromyko. Venona New York
Otdel Morskikh Perevozok (OMP): Department of Marine Transportation. Venona USA Naval GRU, 62. Otdel Vneshnikh Snoshenij (OVS): Foreign Relations Department of Naval GRU. Venona USA Naval
Otero, Carmen: Mexican attorney assisting Alfred and Martha Stern in 1957. Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 75. Other Americz, The: A 1941 book by Lawrence Griswold used for encoding secret writings letters. Venona Secret Writings New York/Buenos Aires, 5. Otroshchenko, ?: Senior KGB official, Moscow, late 1940s. Possibly Andrey Makarovich Otroshchenko. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 61; Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 81. OTS (cover name in Venona): Unidentified, appears to be a senior U.S. official regarded as critical of the USSR. Venona New York KGB 1944, 311; Venona Special Studies, 54. Ottawa, Canada: Venona New York KGB 1943, 19, 149, 184, 315; Venona New York KGB 1944, 232, 296, 510; Venona San Francisco KGB, 112, 129, 163, 165, 218; Venona USA Diplomatic, 60, 69;
Otto, Archduke: Otto von Habsburg, eldest son of Charles I, the last Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary. Venona New York KGB 1944, 651, 682, 686. “Otto” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Unidentified KGB officer, likely at KGB headquarters in Moscow. References to in 1933. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 34. Oumansky, Constantine: See Konstantin Umansky. “Ours” [Svoi] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Soviet citizens on assignment abroad, 1941.
“Outpost” [Forpost] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Earl Flosdorf, 1937–1943. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 27, 106, 110–11. Ovakimian: See Ovakimyan. Ovakimyan, Gayk Badalovich: Soviet intelligence officer, chief of the KGB legal station in the U.S. from the late 1930s until arrested and expelled in 1941. Cover names in Vassiliev’s notebooks: “Gennady”, work names: “George” and “Victor”. Cover name in Venona: GENNADIJ. Pseudonym: Aleksandr Osipov. As Ovakimyan: Vassiliev Black Notebook, 79, 103, 183; Vassiliev Odd Pages, 6; Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 23–24, 82, 85–91, 103, 108, 122, 130–31, 136, 154; Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 15, 34, 43–44, 101–2; Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 16, 67; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 2, 9, 22; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #2, 62, 73; Vassiliev
206; Venona Special Studies, 18. As “Gennady”: Vassiliev Black Notebook, 1, 3, 27, 29, 62, 79, 100, 103, 105–7, 115–17, 120, 124, 146–47, 153–57, 159, 161, 165, 172–74, 176, 184–87;
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