Ingliz adabiyotshunosligi

`You have heard the truth; but I preferred a nearer route, trusting to the knowledge of the Indian I mentioned.` Heyward said. [66,698]
`Treaty or no treaty, I know full well that your two companions are brave and cautious warriors! have they heard or seen anything of our enemies!` – said Heyward.[91,698]
`I could sleep in peace,` whispered Alice, in reply, `with such a fearless and generous-looking youth for my sentinel. Surely, Duncan, those cruel murders, those terrific scenes of torture, of which we read and hear so much, are never acted in the presence of such as he!`
`This certainly is a rare and brilliant instance of those natural qualities in which these peculiar people are said to excel,` he answered. `I agree with you, Alice, in thinking that such a front and eye were formed rather to intimidate than to deceive; but let us not practice a deception upon The Last of the Mohicans ourselves, by expecting any other exhibition of what we esteem virtue than according to the fashion of the savage. As bright examples of great qualities are but too uncommon among Christians, so are they singular and solitary with the Indians; though, for the honor of our common nature, neither are incapable of producing them. Let us then hope that this Mohican may not disappoint our wishes, but prove what his looks assert him to be, a brave and constant friend. Our main hope,` he continued, raising his rugged countenance, across which a shade of anxiety just then passed like a darkening cloud, `will be to keep the rock until Munro can send a party to our help! God send it may be soon and under a leader that knows the Indian customs!` – said Hewkeye.[135,698]
`Life is an obligation which friends often owe each other in the wilderness. I dare say I may have served Uncas some such turn myself before now; and I very well remember that he has stood between me and death five different times; three times from the Mingoes, once in crossing Horican, and —` – said Hewkeye.⁴⁹[138,698]
“Mohikanlarning oxirgisi” asar syujeti u yaratgan boshqa asar syujetlariga qaraganda murakkabroqdir, tasvirlar o`z ichida rivojlanadi va yanayam o`zgacha struktura kasb etadi. Shubhali konfliktning rivojlanishi va o`z yechimini topishi Kuper asari syujetining yana bir xususiyatidir. Asarda hindular hayoti va ularga nisbatan munosabat yozuvchining keng fantaziyasi va uzundan-uzoq satrlarda ijodalangan tasviriy satrlar orqali namoyish etilgan. Shuni ham ta`kidlash joizki, yozuvchi mahalliy hindularga nisbatan diskriminatsiya bilan birgalikda, qisqa bo`lsada gumanizm g`oyalarini ham ijodalay olganligi tahsinga loyiq va asarning keng ko`lamda yozilganligining yana bir belgisidir. Shuni ham ta`kidlash joizki mahalliy hindular o`z an`analariga, qabilalariga sodiq va o`zlariga nisbatan ham yuqori baho beradigan kishilar sifatida asarda tasvirlangan. Ushbu asarni o`qir ekanmiz kitobxon sifatida yozuvchining o`zi ham asarda mahalliy hindularga nisbatan “nopisand” munosabatini sezamiz. Quyidagi asardan keltirilgan parchalar ushbu fikrimning dalili bo`la oladi desam mubolag`a qilmagan bo`lamiz:
…the hunter soon left him. As he repassed the females, he paused a moment to gaze upon their beauty, answering to the smile and nod of Alice with a look of open pleasure. Thence he went to the side of the motherly animal, and spending a minute in a fruitless inquiry into the character of her rider. – Ushbu parchada yozuvchi mahalliy hindulardan bo`lgan asar qahramonini hayvonga qiyoslaganining guvohi bo`lamiz.
Magua alone sat apart, without participating in the revolting meal, and apparently buried in the deepest thought. This abstinence, so remarkable in an Indian, when he possessed the means of satisfying hunger, at length attracted the notice of Heyward.[192,698] Yozuvchi hindlarning ochlik hissiga chidamli ekanliklarini ushbu parchada ko`rsatib bergan. Shundan anglashimiz mumkinki, mahalliy hindular uchun vaqtida ovqatlanish ham muammoli bo`lgan. Mahalliy hindu qabilasidan bo`lgan Maguaning “ochlik hissidan qoniqish manbayiga ega” sifatida ta`riflash orqali Kuper mahalliy hindularning barchasi uchun bu tanish holat ekanligini ta`kidlaydi.
The Indian rose slowly from his seat, and stood for near a minute silent and motionless. He then signed with his hand for Heyward to retire, saying, coldly: `When the Huron talks to the women, his tribe shut their ears.`<sup>50</sup>[195,698]
Fenimor Kuper asarni yozar ekan hindularning o`zlariga nisbatan va o`zlarining qabilari, an`analariga nisbatan sadoqat va hurmat bilan munosabatda bo`lganliklari mohirlik bilan ko`rsatgan. “Huronlar(mahalliy hindu qabilasi) ayollarga gapirganlarida butun qabila quloqlarini berkitgan” qabilidagi so`zlar buning yaqqol misolidir.
Kuperning asar strukturasi juda oddiy: uzun ketma-ket voqealar orasida qisqa, shubhali tanaffuslar bilan. Xonalar va derazalardan iborat bino singari asar ham detallar va yaratuvchi didiga ko`ra bezaklardan iborat bo`lishi kerak.<sup>51</sup> Kuperning yozish stili quyidagicha: taqib – asirlik – qochish – asirlik, bu texnika ta`qib etuvchi va etiluvchining o`z rollarini almashtirib turishlari imkonini beradi.
Shunday qilib, “Mohikanlarning oxirgisi” asar syujeti u yaratgan boshqa asar syujetlariga qaraganda murakkabroqdir, tasvirlar o`z ichida rivojlanadi va yanayam o`zgacha struktura kasb etadi.
Asarda muhabbat asosiy mavzu bo`lib hisoblanadi. Yozuvchi asarda oq tanlilarning kelganidan keyin mahalliy aholining hayoti qanday o`zgarganligi va hindular va yevropaliklarning munosabatlarini tasvirlashga harakat qilgan va o`z maqsadiga erishgan desak mubolag`a bo`lmaydi. “Mohikanlarning oxirgisi” asari adabiy tanqidchilar tomonidan falsafiy ruhda yozilgan asar deb talqin qilinadi, chunki asarda Hevkey va uning atrofdagilar bilan munosabatlari tasvirlanadi. Asar tarixiy asar deb atalishi bejizga emas chunki asar mamlakat tarixi haqida ma’lumotlar ham beradi. Asar kitobxonga nafaqat ma’lumotlar taqdim etadi, balki o`zining to`qima qahramonlari bilan uning e’tiborini ham jalb qiladi.