Ingliz tili grammatikasi
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Ingliz tili grammatikasi
in a loud (calm) voice — baland (tinch) ovozda in the market — bozorda in stock — omborda in store — zaxirada in the street — ko‘chada in a picture — rasmda in a mirror — oynada Lekin: He speaks English. U in - g lizcha gapiradi. in return o‘rniga in sight — ko‘rish maydonida, doirasida in so far as — modomiki, hamon- ki; sababli, uchun in the meantime — shu asnoda, shu vaqt ichida in the spring (summer, autumn, winter) bahorda (yozda, kuzda, qishda) in the morning (afternoon, eve ning) — ertalab, (kunduzi, kechqurun) in the open air ochiq havoda 222 in the front of a car — avtomo- bilning oldida in the back of the car — avtomo- bilning orqasida in the sea — dengizda in the corner — muyulishda, bur- chakda in excitement — hayajon ichida in the beginning (end) — boshida (oxirida) in a queue — navbatda in a row — bir qatorda in the open air — ochiq havoda in one’s opinion — ning fi kricha in (at) one’s option xohlagani, tanlagani, didiga yoqqani in vain — behuda, bekorga in time o‘z vaqtida in a car/ in a taxi — avtomobil- da/ taksida in a line — bir chiziqda in the past (future) — o‘tmishda (kelajakda) in a letter — ( bir) xatda In va at predloglarini taqqoslash: In predlogi vaqtga nisbatan ishlatilganda vaqtning davomiyligini ifo- dalaydi. In March, in 1945, at predlogi esa vaqting lahzasini ifodalaydi at ten o’clock, at midnight, at noon. In predlogi joyga nisbatan ishlatilganda mamlakatlar va katta shahar lar oldida ishlatiladi (in the United States of America, in Lon- don), at esa kichkina shahar va joylar oldida ishlatiladi (at Pushkino, at Klin). Last, next, this, every so‘zlari bilan kelgan birikmalardan oldin at, on, in predloglari ishlatilmaydi. I’ll see you next Friday. Men kelasi jumada siz bilan uch rashaman. They got married last March. Ular o‘tgan yil martda turmush qu rishgan. INSIDE 1. -ichiga, ichkarida (antonimi outside): The friends went inside the house to talk. Do‘stlar suhbatlashgani uyning ichi ga kirishdi. The children are inside the house. Bolalar uyning ichida. 2. -ichkariga, ichkarida (ravish bo‘lib keladi): Open the box and put the key in- side. Qutini oching va kalitni ichiga qo‘ying. 223 I looked into the box, but there was nothing inside. Men qutining ichiga qaradim, u yerda (ichkarisida) hech narsa yo‘q edi. INTO - ichiga (biror narsaning ichiga): I am going into the room. Men xonaning ichiga kiryapman. He put the book into his bag. U kitobni sumkasiga soldi. - into bilan kelgan fe’llar va iboralar: to change (to turn) into -ga o‘zgar-(tir) moq, -ga aylanmoq Water turns into steam at 100 centigrade. Suv selsiy bo‘yicha 100 gradusda bug‘ga aylanadi. to devide into (in) -ga bo‘lmoq, -ga bo‘linmoq The book is devided into ten chapters. Kitob o‘nta bobga bo‘lingan. to look into, to inqire into-ni qarab chiqmoq, o‘rganmoq I will look into the mat- ter. Men masalani o‘rga- nib (qarab) chiqaman. to convert into -ga ay- lantirmoq This fi eld will be con- verted into a park. Bu dala parkka ay- lantiriladi. to translate into -ga tarjima qilmoq Translate it into Eng- lish. Buni ingliz tiliga tar- jima qiling. to come into (in) force kuchga kirmoq The law came into force last year. Qonun o‘tgan yili kuchga kirdi. to get into the habit -ga odatlanmoq He got into the habit of smoking at the age of eighteen. U o‘n sakkiz yoshida chekishni o‘rgandi. to take into account (cosideration) hisobga olmoq, e’tiborga olmoq The fact must be taken into account. Bu fakt hisobga olini- shi kerak. 224 OF 1. -ning: London is the capital of Great Britain. London Buyuk Britaniyaning poytaxti. The First World Congress of Parti- sans of Peace was held in Paris at the end of April, 1949. Tinchlik tarafdorlarining Birinchi Jahon Kongressi Parijda 1949-yil aprelning oxirida bo‘lib o‘tdi. 2. -dan: Some of my friends came to see me off. Do‘stlarimning ba’zilari meni ku- zatgani kelishdi. Many of us will go to the south in the summer. Yozda ko‘pchiligimiz janubga boramiz. 3. -dan (buyumning nimadan yasalganini bildiradi): The watch is made of gold. Soat tilladan yasalgan. The house is built of brick. Uy g‘ishtdan qurilgan. 4. -li (o‘lchov, og‘irlik, pul birliklari oldidan kelgan sondan oldin ish- latiladi.) We have ordered an engine of 5000 H.P. Biz 5000 ot kuchili motorga bu- yurtma berdik. The S.S. «Pskov» sailed from Odessa with a cargo of 5,000 tons of wheat. «Pskov» paroxodi 5000 tonnali bug‘doy yuki bilan Odessadan suzib chiqdi. He signed a cheque to the amount of 1,000 dollars. U 1000 dollarli chekka imzo chekdi. 5. of bilan keladigan fe’llar, sifatlar va iboralar: to accuse of -da ayb - lamoq What was the man ac- cused of? Bu kishi nimada ayb- langan? to consist of -dan iborat bo‘lmoq The report consists of three parts. Ma’ruza uch qismdan iborat. to deprive of -dan mahrum qilmoq You have deprived me of the pleasure. Siz meni rohatdan mah- rum qildingiz. to hear of haqida eshit- gan bo‘lmoq (bilmoq) I haven’t heard of his ar- rival yet. Men hali uning kel- ganini eshitganim yo‘q (bilmayman). to inform of -ni xabar qilmoq I informed him of this fact. Men uni bu faktdan xabardor qildim. 225 to remind of (about) -ni eslatmoq I reminded him of (about) his promise. Men unga va’dasini es- latdim. to remind of somebody, something biror kishini, narsani eslatmoq He reminds me of my brother. U menga akamni es- latadi. to speak (talk) of haqi- da gaplashmoq Who have you been speaking of? Siz kim haqida ga- pirayotgan edingiz? to think of haqida o‘ylamoq What are you thinking of? Nima haqda o‘ylayap- siz? to be afraid of -dan qo‘rqmoq The girl is afraid of dogs. Qiz itlardan qo‘rqadi. to be ashamed of -dan uyalmoq I am ashamed of what I did. Men qilib qo‘ygan ishimdan uyalyapman. to be fond of -ni sev- moq, yaxshi ko‘rmoq He is very fond of his mother. U onasini juda yaxshi ko‘radi. to be full of bilan to‘la bo‘lmoq The room was full of people. Xona odamlar bilan to‘la edi. to be independent of -dan mustaqil bo‘l moq She is quite independ- ent of her parents now. U hozir ota-onasidan butunlay mustaqil. to be proud of -dan faxrlanmoq We are proud of our country. Biz mamlakatimiz bilan faxrlanamiz. to be sure (certain) of -ga amin bo‘lmoq I was sure of his hon- esty. Men uning sofdilligiga amin edim. to be worthy of -ga ar- zimoq He is worthy of praise. U maqtashga arziydi. to be in need of -ga muhtoj bo‘lmoq They are in need of these goods. Ularga bu mollar ke- rak. (Ular bu tovarlarga muhtoj). to be of importance ahamiyatga ega bo‘lmoq This question is of no im- portance to me. Bu masalaning menga ahamiyati yo‘q. to be of interest qizi - qarli bo‘lmoq Their proposal is of no interest to us. Ularning taklifi bizga qiziqarli emas. to be of value qim- matga ega bo‘lmoq The cargo is of great value. Yuk katta qimmatga ega. to come in sight of -ni ko‘rmoq At last they came in sight of land. Nihoyat ular yerni ko‘- rishdi. 15 — M. G‘apporov 226 to get rid of -dan xa- los bo‘lmoq, qutulmoq I don’t know how to get rid of my cold. Shamollashdan (tu- movdan) qanday qi lib xalos bo‘lishni bilmay- man. to make use of -dan foydalanmoq, -ni ish- latmoq Can you make use of this? Siz buni ishlata ola- sizmi? to take advantage of -dan foydalanmoq We must take advantage of this opportunity. Biz bu imkoniyatdan foydalanishimiz kerak. to take care of -ga g‘amxo‘rlik qilmoq You must take care of your health. Siz sog‘lig‘ingizga g‘am xo‘rlik qilishingiz ke rak. plenty of, a great (good) deal of, a lot of unheard of quloq eshit- magan a number of ko‘p, qator of course albatta to the south (north, east, west) of -ning janubida (shimolida, sharqida, g‘arbida) OFF 1. -dan, ustidan (buyumning ustidan olinishini, qo‘zg‘atilishini ifodalaydi, antonimi on): He took all the things off the table. U stol ustidan hamma narsalarni oldi. The rain ran off the roof. Tomdan yomg‘ir oqar (quyilar) edi. The knife fell off the table. Pichoq stoldan tushib ketdi. 2. -dan (biror narsadan uzib olish, ajratib olishda ishlatiladi): Cut a bit off the rope, it’s too long. Arqondan ozroq kesib ol, u juda uzun. He bit a small piece off a biscuit. U pecheniyedan ozgina tishlab uzib oldi. He broke a large branch off the tree. U daraxtning katta shoxini sindi rib oldi. 3. Ko‘pgina fe’llar bilan ravish bo‘lib keladi; ajratishni, uzishni ifodalaydi: 227 I upset the bottle and it rolled off. Men shishani (butilkani) ag‘darib yubordim va u g‘ildirab ketdi. He broke a large branch off. U katta shoxni sindirib oldi. He bit off a small piece. U kichkina bir bo‘lakchani uzib oldi. 4. off bilan keluvchi fe’llar: to be off jo‘namoq It’s late. I must be off. Kech bo‘ldi. Jo‘na shim kerak. to get off -dan tushmoq (tramvaydan, poyezd- dan va h.k.) He got off at the next stop. U keyingi bekatda tushdi. to put off keyinga qoldirmoq Never put off till tomor- row what you can do to- day. Bugungi ishni ertaga qo‘ymang. to take off yechmoq (kiyimni) Take off your coat. Paltoyingizni ye ching. to set off jo‘namoq They set off on a long journey. Ular uzoq sayohatga jo‘nadilar. ON (UPON) 1. -da, -ga (ustida, ustiga): The picture is hanging on the wall. Surat devorda osilgan (turibdi). Put the magazine on the table. Jurnalni stol ustiga qo‘ying. 2. -da (hafta kunlari va sana oldida qo‘yiladi): The meeting took place on Monday. Yig‘ilish dushanbada bo‘ldi. They arrived on the fi rst of June. Ular birinchi iyunda yetib ke- lishdi. Izoh: Kun qismlari (bo‘laklari) oldida in predlogi ishlatiladi: in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening. Agar shu so‘zlarning aniqlovchisi bo‘lsa on predlogi ishlatiladi: on a fi ne summer morning, on a cold evening, on the moring of the fi rst of June. 3. -da, keyin (odatda gerund bilan keladi): On receiving your letter I telephoned to your brother. Sizning xatingizni olganimda (olganimdan keyin) men akan- gizga qo‘ng‘iroq qildim. On coming home I began to work. Uyga kelganimdan keyin men ishlay boshladim. 228 4. haqida, to‘g‘risida: He spoke on the international situation. U xalqaro vaziyat haqida ga- pirdi. He delivered a lecture on modern American literature. U hozirgi zamon Amerika ada- biyoti haqida ma’ruza o‘qidi. What is your opinion on this sub- ject. Bu masalada fi kringiz qanday. 5. Ravish bo‘lib kelib, birga kelgan fe’ldagi ish-harakatning davom etishini ifodalaydi. They walked on and on until they reached a village. Ular qishloqqa yetib kelmagun- laricha yurishni davom ettirdilar (yuraverdilar). Though it was quite dark, they drove on. Ancha qorong‘u tushib qolgan bo‘lsa ham ular (mashinada) yurishni da vom ettirdilar. 6. On bilan birga keluvchi fe’llar: to agree on -ga kelish- moq The parties could not agree on the terms of the contract. Tomonlar shartnoma shartlariga kelisha ol- madilar. to comment on -ni sharhlamoq He did not comment on this event. U bu voqeani sharhla- madi. to congratulate on bi- lan tabriklamoq I congratulated him on his success. Men uni muvaffaqiya- ti bilan tabrikladim. to depend on -ga bog‘ - liq bo‘lmoq That doesn’t depend on me. Bu menga bog‘liq emas. to insist on -ni qattiq turib ma’qullamoq, talab qilib turib olmoq, ba- jartirmoq, qildirmoq I insist on your present. Men sizning hozir bo‘lishingizni talab qi- laman. to rely on -ga ishon- moq, -ga suyanmoq You may rely on that. Bunga ishonishingiz mumkin. to spend on -ga sarf - lamoq He spent most of his money on books. U pulining ko‘p qis- mini kitoblarga sarf- ladi. to call on -ga kirib chiqmoq I shall call on him to- morrow. Men ertaga unikiga kirib chiqaman. to carry on (ishni) olib bormoq, yuritmoq They are carrying on ne- gotiations for the sale of wheat. Ular bug‘doy sotib olish haqida muzoka- ralar olib borishyap- ti. 229 to get on yurishmoq, chiqishmoq, murosa qilmoq How are you getting on? They get on very well together. Ishlaringiz yaxshimi? Ular bir-birlari bilan yax- shi murosa qili shadi (chi- qishadilar). to go on davom ettir - moq Go on working! Ishni davom ettiring! to look on -ni to- mosha qilmoq, -ni kuzatmoq, -ga qa rab turmoq He was not helping; he was only looking on. U yordam bergani yo‘q; faqat tomosha qilib tur- gan edi. to put on -ni kiymoq Put your coat on! Paltoyingizni kiying! 7. - on bilan kelgan iboralar: on the initiative of -ning tashabbusi bilan and so on va hokazo on an (the) average o‘rtacha on land quruqlikda on the part of -ning tomonidan on behalf of -ning nomidan on the right (left) hand side o‘ng (chap) qo‘l tarafda on purpose atayin, ataylab, jo‘rt taga, qasddan on the contrary aksincha on business ish (xizmat) bilan on the invitation of -ning taklifi bilan on codition that sharti bilan on board a (the) ship kema bortida on sale sotuvda on a large scale katta hajmda on credit kreditga, qarzga on the way yo‘lda, borishda on demand talabi bilan on the ground that asosda on foot piyoda on the whole umuman on sea dengizda on the advice (suggetion) of -ning maslahati (taklifi ) bilan on the one (other) hand bir (boshqa) tomonda(n) later on keyinchalik, keyinroq OUT OF 1. -dan (ichkaridan tashqariga chiqishni, harakatni bildiradi, anto- nimi into). He walked out of the house. U uydan chiqdi. He took the letter out of his poc- ket. U xatni cho‘ntagidan oldi. He ran out of the house. U uydan yugurib chiqdi. 230 2. -siz bo‘lmoq, biror narsasi tugab qolmoq (out of + noun = to lack, to be without): Maria went to the store because she was out of milk. Mariya do‘konga bordi chunki uning suti tugagan edi. 3. out ravish bo‘lib kelib, harakat fe’llari bilan keladi va ichkaridan tashqariga harakatni ifodalaydi. Masalan: to come (go, get, walk) out chiq- moq, to run out yugurib chiqmoq, to fl y out uchib chiqmoq, to jump out sakrab chiqmoq, to take out chiqarmoq, to pull out tortib chiqarmoq, sug‘urmoq. He went out without saying a word. U bir so‘z demasdan chiqib ketdi. Ammo: He opened the door and ran out in great excitement. U eshikni ochdi va kuchli hayajon ichida yugurib chiqdi. He went out of the room. U xonadan chiqdi. Ammo: He ran out of the house. U uydan yugurib chiqdi. 4. out bilan kelgan birikmalar: to be out uyda (ish joyi da) bo‘lmaslik Olim Salimov is out. Olim Salimov uyda (ish- da) emas. to check out (bor- row books, etc., kutub xonadan kitob olmoq I went to the library and checked out thirty books from a library last night for my research work. Men kecha kutub xonaga bordim va il miy ishim uchun o‘ttizta kitob ol- dim. to check out (inves- tigate) tekshirmoq, ko‘rib bermoq This photocopy machine is not working properly. Could you check out the problem? Bu nusxa ko‘chirish mashinasi yaxshi ish- lamayapti. Bu muam moni ko‘rib bera olasizmi? to check out of hisob-kitob qilmoq We were told that we had to check out of the hotel before one o’clock, or else we would have to pay for another day. Bizga mehmonxona dan soat birgacha jo‘ nashimiz kerakligini aytishdi, aks holda yana bir kunga haq to‘lashga majbur bo‘ lar ekanmiz. 231 to drop out of tash- lamoq, -dan chiqmoq This organization has done a great deal to pre- vent young people from dropping out of school. Bu tashkilot yoshlarni maktabni tashlab ketish- larining oldini olish uchun ko‘p ish qildi. to fi gure out hal qil- moq, tushunmoq After failing to fi gure out his income tax re- turn, Hal decided to see an accountant. Hal o‘zining daromad solig‘ini hisoblab chi- qara olmagach, hi sobchi bilan uchra shishga qaror qildi. to fi nd out bilmoq, oydinlashtirmoq, aniq - lamoq I’ll try to fi nd out his ad- dress. Men uning manzilini bi- lishga harakat qilaman. to make out tushun- moq I can’t make out the meaning of this word. Men bu so‘zning ma’- nosini tushuna olmayap- man. to pass out (hand out) tarqatmoq The political candidate passed out campaign lit- erature to her cowor kers. Siyosiy nomzod say- lov kompaniyasi kitob- chalarini o‘zining targ‘i- botchilariga tarqatdi. to pass out hushidan ketmoq The intense heat in the garden caused Maria to pass out. Bog‘dagi kuchli issiq Marianing hushidan ke- tishiga sabab bo‘ldi. to point out ko‘rsatib o‘tmoq We pointed out in our letter that the time of de- livery of the goods has expired. Biz xatimizda mol (to- var) larni yetkazib ber- ish vaqti o‘tgan ligini ko‘rsatib o‘tdik. Download 1.19 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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