Ingliz tili grammatikasi

SO’ROQ GAPLARGA TASDIQ YOKI INKOR JAVOB BERISH

1. 
   Birovning bo’lishli gapiga “men ham” deyilsa:
   

SO + YORDAMCHI FE’L + EGA yoki EGA + YORDAMCHI FE’L + TOO

M: I am glad to see you. So am I

He knows Parvina. So do I
So does she
I can swim. So can he
So can they
She is sitting. So is Akmal
So are we
I have a car. So do you
I have got a car. So have you
I am glad to see you. I am too
He knows Nafisa. I do too
She does too
She is sitting, She is too

2. 
   Birovning bo’lishsiz gapiga “men ham” deyilsa
   

NEITHER (NOR) + YORD.FE’L + EGA yoki EGA + YORD.FE’L + NOT + EITHER

M: I don’t know. Neither does he

He doesn’t have a car. Neither do you
She hasn’t got a car. Neither have I
Parvina din’t come in time. Akmal didn’t either
She can’t swim. He can’t either

3. 
   Agar gap tarkibida quyidagi so’zlar bo’lsa bunday gaplar inkor gaplar hisoblanadi
   

hardly, nearly, scarcely, seldom, never, barely, rarely
M: I hardly speak English. Neither do I
THE SENTENCE

1. 
   Tugallangan fikr va ohangga ega so’z tartibi gap deyiladi. Gap tarkibi jihatdan quyidagi turlarga bo’linadi:
   

1. 
   Simple sentence – sodda gaplar
   
2. 
   Compound sentence – bog’langan qo’shma gap
   
3. 
   Complex sentence – ergashgan qo’shma gap
   

2. 
   Faqat bitta voqea, hodisa, holat haqidagi fikr bayon qilingan bosh bo’laklardan iborat gap sodda gap deyiladi
   

M: Nafisa has come late
He is writing a new theme in the classroom now

1. 
   Agar sodda gap faqat bosh bo’laklardan iborat bo’lsa sodda yig’iq gap deyiladi
   

M: Speak!
I am writing
It is winter

2. 
   Sodda gap tarkibida bosh bo’laklardan tashqari ikkinchi darajali bo’laklar (to’ldiruvchi, aniqlovchi, hol) ham ishtirok etsa sodda yoyiq gap deyiladi
   

M: It is snowing now
Read the sentence

3. 
   Agar ikkita sodda gap o’zaro teng (and), zidlov (but), ayiruv (or) bog’lovchilari yoki ohang (,) yordamida birlashsa bog’langan qo’shma gap deyiladi
   

M: It is snowing, the weather is cold and birds are looking for food but we are sitting in the room