Iqtisodiy xavfsizlik” kafedrasi I. A. Bakiyeva., B. U. Shermuhamedov

IV MAVZU. TALAB VA TAKLIF ELASTIKLIGI

1-masala

Kitobning narxi 50% ga o‘sgan holda, unga talab 30% ga oshsa, elastiklik koeffitsentini toping.

E_d=∆Q/∆P=30/50=0.6
E<0.6 Javob: elastiklik emas.

2-masala

Agar narx 10% ga kamaysa, foyda esa 5.5% ga pasaysa, talabga nisbatan chegaralanmagan taklifda talabning egiluvchanligini toping.

Berilishi:
Narx – 10% ga pasaydi
Foyda – 5.5% ga pasaydi
Talabning egiluvchanligi - ?
Ed=∆Q/Q÷∆P/P
S=1-%/100% foizni kamayganda songa aylantirish formulasi
1-10%/100%=1-0.1=0.9 narx 0.1ga o‘zgarib 0.9 bo‘lib qoldi.
1-5.5%/100%=1-0.055=0.945 foyda 0.055 ga o‘zgarib, 0.945 ni tashkil etdi.
Foyda dinamikasi 0.9*b(Q+∆Q) =0.945*P*Q
0.9*P*( Q+∆Q)=0.945*P*Q
Q+∆Q=0.945/0.9*Q
Q+∆Q=1.05*Q/÷Q natijani Q ga bo‘lib yuboramiz.
0.9Q+0.9∆Q =0.945/÷Q
0.9+0.9∆Q/ Q=0.945
0.9∆Q/ Q=0.045
∆Q/ Q=0.045/0.9=0.05
Ed=∆Q/Q÷∆P/P=0.05/0.1=0.5
3-masala

Agar narx 10% ga kamayib, foyda 8%ga ortgan bo‘lsa, talab egiluvchanligini aniqlasa bo‘ladimi?

Berilishi:
Narx – 10% ga ortgan
Foyda – 8%ga pasaygan
Talab egiluvchanligi - ?
S=1-10%/100%=1-0.1=0.9 narx
S=1-8%/100%=1+0.08=1.08 foyda
Foyda dinamikasi: (P-∆P)*(Q+∆Q) =1.08*P*Q
Tenglamadan sotish hajmining o‘sishi ∆Qni topish mumkin.

0.9*P*( Q+∆Q)=1.08*P*Q Q+∆Q=1.2Q ∆Q=Q-1.2Q ∆Q=0.2Q ∆Q/Q=0.2

0.9*P*( Q+∆Q)=1.08*P*Q 0.9Q+0.9∆Q=1.08Q/÷Q 0.9+0.9∆Q/Q=1.08 ∆Q/Q=(1.08-0.9)/0.9=0.18/0.9=0.2

Ed=∆Q/Q÷∆P/P=0.2/0.1=2

Javob:2

4-masala

Ko‘ylak bozori chaqqon bo‘lib, uning narxi 10 000 so‘m edi. Narx oshib 12 000 so‘mga etdi. Shunga yarasha ko‘ylakka talab 100 donadan 60 donaga tushdi. Ya’ni 40 donaga qisqardi. Talab elastikligini toping.

Yechish:

Oldin talabning jami xajmi 1 mln.so‘m bo‘lsa (100*10 000=1 000 000), so‘ngra 720 ming so‘mga (12 000*60=720 000) tushdi. Bu raqamlarni protsentga aylantirsak:

1 000 000-720 000=280 000
1 000 000 100%
280 000 x
X=280 000*100%/1 000 000=28%
12 000-10 000=2 000
10 000 100%
2 000 x
X=2 000*100%/10 000=20%
Qancha oshganligini bilish uchun 120%-100%=20%
E_d=∆Q/∆P; E_d=28%/20%=1.4; E>1; Javob: elastiklik koeffitsenti 1.4.

5-masala

Bahoning 20%ga oshishi hisobiga talab qilinadigan mahsulot miqdori 15% ga kamaysa, talabning baholi egiluvchanlik koeffitsenti qanday miqdorni tashkil qiladi?