Kirish, tirik va jonsiz tabiatning o’xshashligi va farqlari. Ismingiz

Hujayrani o’rganish tarixi va hujayra nazariyasi. Hujayrani o’rganish usullari. Ismingiz…………………
1.Tirik organizmlarning ichki tuzilishini o’rganish qaysi kashfiyot bilan bog’liq?..............................................................
2.Hujayrani birinchi bo’lib kim kashf etgan?­........................................................................................................................
3.Robert Guk birinchi bo’lib qaysi to’qimani mikroskopda kuzatdi?...................................................................................
4.Robert Guk daraxtning po’stlog’i bir xil massadan iborat bo’lmay, balki, juda mayda bo’shliqlardan ya’ni…iboratligini aniqladi?.................................................................................................................................................
5.Robert Guk daraxt po’stlog’idagi mayda bo’shliqchalarni nima deb atadi?......................................................................
6.Sellula nima?......................................................................................................................................................................
7.Hujayra atamasi qanday ma’noga ega?..............................................................................................................................
8.1680-yilda Antovan Levenguk birinchi bo’lib nimani o’rgandi?......................................................................................
9.O’simlik yadrosini birinchi bo’lib kim aniqladi?...............................................................................................................
10,Hujayra ichidagi suyuqlikni protoplazma deb atashni kim taklif etdi?...........................................................................
11.Nechanchi asrda o’simlik va hayvon organizmlari hujayradan tashkil topgan degan xulosaga kelinadi?......................
12.Hujayra nazariyasini asosini kimlar tomonidan yaratildi?................................................................................................................................................................................
13.Nemis shifokori R.Virxov hujayra haqidagi nimalarni isbotlab berdi?.....................................................................................................................................................................................
14.Hujayra sirlarini yanada chuqurroq o’rganishga nima sabab bo’ldi?...................................................................................................................................................................................
15.Qaysi nazariya biologiya faning rivojlanishiga juda katta ta’sir ko’rsatdi?.....................................................................
16.Hayotiy hodisalarni umumbiologik nuqtai-nazardan tushunishga qaysi nazariya imkon berdi?.....................................
17.Hujayra biolgiyasini o’rganishga xissa qo’shgan yurtimiz olimlari?..............................................................................
18.Tirik organizmlarning hujayraviy tuzilishini o’rganishda keng qo’llaniladigan usullarga nimalar kiradi?....................................................................................................................................................................................
19.Yorug’lik mikroskopning asosiy qismlariga nimalar kiradi?...........................................................................................
20.Mikroskopning eng muhim qismi nima hisoblanadi?......................................................................................................
21.Kuzatilayotgan predmetni kattalashtirib berish mikroskopning qaysi qismiga bog’liq?.................................................
22.Mikroskopning okulyar qismi nimadan tashkil topgan?..................................................................................................
23.Dastlabki mikroskoplar obyekt tasvirini necha marta kattalashtirib bergan?..................................................................
24.Odatda yorug’lik mikroskopi buyumni necha marta kattalashtirib beradi?.....................................................................
25.Mikroskopning muhim tomoni kattalashtirish emas, balki…..?......................................................................................
26.Mikroskopning ko’rish kuchi qanday aniqlanadi?............................................................................................................................................................................
27.Nima uchun odam mikroskopda ko’rgandaodamning ko’zi ikkita emas, balki bitta tasvirni ko’radi?..................................................................................................................................................................................
28.Mikroskopning ko’rish kuchining katta bo’lishi qanday ahamiyatga ega?........................................................................................................................................................................................
29.Qaysi nazariyaga ko’ra mikroskop ko’rish kuchuning chegarasi yorug’lik to’lqin uzunligining yarimi teng bo’ladi?..................................................................................................................................................................................
30.Mikroskopning ko’rish kuchining chegarasi qanchaga teng?.........................................................................................
31.Yorug’lik to’lqin uzunligining yarmidan kichik bo’lgan obyektlarni qanday mikroskopda ko’rib bo’lmaydi?.............................................................................................................................................................................
32.Elektron mikroskop buyumni necha marta kattalashtirib beradi?....................................................................................
33.Elektron mikroskopda o’rganilayotgan obyektning tasviri yorug’lik nurlaridan emas, balki…… yordamida hosil qilinadi?.................................................................................................................................................................................
34.Elektron mikroskop yordamida hujayraning qaysi organoidlari kashf etildi?.....................................................................................................................................................................................
35.Keyingi yillarda elektron mikroskopning takomillashtirish natijasida hujayraning qanday tasvirlari olindi?....................................................................................................................................................................................
36.Hujayra tarkibidagi turli-tuman kimyoviy moddalarni aniqlash uchun qanday usullardan foydalaniladi?........................................................................................................................................................................
20.Sitokimyoviy usullar yordamida hujayradagi nimalarni aniqlash mumkin?...............................................................................................................................................................................
21.Qaysi usul yordamida hujayraning organoidlari ajratib olinadi?.....................................................................................
22.Sentrafugalash usuli yordamida hujayraning qaysi organoidlari ajratib olinadi?..................................................................................................................................................................................
22. mµ¹ nima?.......................................................................................................................................................................
23. mµ¹ qanchaga teng?........................................................................................................................................................