Linguopragmatic aspects of fictional texts in English and Karakalpak languages
TEXTS 3.1. The pragmatic intention “to activize the knowledge structures” in English
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DISSERTATION KOPIYA 2 LASTTT Автосохраненный (1)
TEXTS
3.1. The pragmatic intention “to activize the knowledge structures” in English and Karakalpak literature We have discussed the pragmatic intentions which are directly related to text pragmatics in the 2 nd chapter of our work. The other pragmatic intentions, “to activize knowledge structures”, “to stimulate the addressee’s creativity” and “to represent the conceptual world picture” require not only pragmatic but also cognitive-stylistic analysis. That we are going to present in this chapter. The pragmatic intention “to activize the knowledge structures” is based on the term “activation” and stimulates the brain to activize his/her background knowledge during the process of reading and perception. Specific language units including various verbal signals, signs used with deliberate aim activize knowledge structures relevant to the conceptual information in the given context lead to the clear and effective interpretation on the reader’s part. One of the widely used means of activizing knowledge structures is antonomasia. Antonomasia is defined as “the interplay between the logical and nominal meanings of a word” [12, 13]. Before proceeding with the analysis of the example, it should be noted that two types of antonomasia are distinguished: 1) proper nouns are used in the notional meaning; and 2) common nouns acquire the status of proper nouns. Let’s turn to an example from The Lovely Lady by D.H. Lawrence: ―(27)…she was her lovely and changeless self, that age could not wither, nor custom stale; so bright and kindly and yet subtly mocking, like Mona Lisa, who knew a thing or two. But Pauline knew more, so she needn’t be smug at all. She could laugh that lovely, mocking Bacchante laugh of hers, which was at the same time never malicious, always good-naturedly tolerant, both of virtues and vices — the former, of course, taking much more tolerating.” In the above example, the use of antonomasia brings back a flow of associations and activizes the “new” and “old” background information in the brain of the reader. For instance, in the above given fragment from The Lovely Lady historical knowledge (Mona Lisa) and literary/historical knowledge (Bacchante laugh) are activated. To be specific, the analysis of the frame, associative and contextual links as well as knowledge structure of “Mona Lisa” make it possible to point out the following conceptual features: lovely, changeless, bright, kindly. mocking, unsurpassed beauty, charm, pretty, absolutely unreadable emotions, the hardest type to understand, hot from far away, but ugly up close, mysterious smile etc. In ancient history, Bacchantes, also known as Bassarids, were the female followers of Bacchus (Dionysus) the Greek God of wine, specifically itsintoxication and social influence. According to Collins English Dictionary, bacchante is regarded as “a drunken female reveller” [13]. This information provides a hint to personality of the described linguistic personality, Pauline Attenborough, who is addicted to alcohol and who suffers from psychological disorder. Throughout history we can find three sources of the word “bacchante”: 1) in Greek mythology (female followers of The Greek God Bacchus); 2) Bust of a laughing Bacchante by Augustin Jean Moreau-Vauthier (1981); 3) the novel The Laughing Bacchante by Dornford Yates (1949). Thus, antonomasia is considered to be one of the effective means of pragmatic intention “to activize knowledge structures” as well as to reveal the individual picture, discrete personality, specific characteristics of LP in literary discourse. On a last note concerning this type of pragmatic intention it would be reasonable to mention that besides antonomasia there are other language units that are capable of representing frames and activizing knowledge structures in the text [14]. They are: -key words ( e.g. fashion in the Devil Wears Prada); -repetitions (e.g. repetitive use of “she” The Lovely Lady); -metaphors (e.g. devil, old witch in The Lovely Lady); -allusions (e.g. Bacchante laugh in The Lovely Lady); -symbols (e.g. Prada as fashion industry, Devil as Miranda Priestly and other people who work in the fashion industry in the Devil Wears Prada); - euphemisms (e.g. mentally challenged instead of “stupid”, personal assistant instead of “secretary”, chubby instead of “fat” in the Devil Wears Prada ). We analyze extracts from literary texts in Karakalpak language, exactly from the novel “Qaraqalpaq qızı” by T.Qayıpbergenov. (28) “Ол көгис аспанның жийегине көз таслап, қыялы менен узақты шарлап көрди, Нәзери сонша узақта болған менен, көз қарашықлары шашаў-шашаў жүрген алдындағы баспақлар да налысламады. Қасында оның тил қатыўын күтип турған Бийбиге, бурылып сарсылды, — Үҳ -ҳа !.. . Өзиң бил, Бийби. Сениң алдьңда қандай есик турғанына мениң көзим жетседағы? «Шәрьярдағы» Әнжимге Зәўрениң айтқанындай «Сенде мендей, менде сендей қупнашар» емеспизбе? Өзиңнен артық ақыл менде не жесин! Екеўи алға қарай жүрип, баспақларды бир жерге топлап келген сонда, жарты улы кеңесе алмады. [T.Kayıpbergenov. “Qaraqalpaq qızı”; р22] In this example the author reminds the well known personages Ánjim and Záwre from Karakalpak folklore tale “Sháriyar”. The main personage of the dástan Ánjim is well- known with her wisdom and beauty. In this context the author reminds the folk personage to show the cleverness of his personage Jumagúl. This allusional simile is used for realizing “to activize the knowledge structures”. Also metaphor “esik” is used skillfully by the author in it’s contextual meaning which means the future of the girl. In the next extract T.Qayıpbergenov reminds the well-known hero of Karakalpak people Ernazar biy. (29) “Кемпир тиклениңкиреп алып демин бөлип-бөлип сөйлейберди.— Қызым, орны келген жерде күтә тартыншақта болма. Мен бир заманлары қыз болып ер жеткен едим. Заман ғаўасатлы еди. Хийўа ханы елди бүлдирди. Ерназар ала көз қусаған қарақалпақтың жайсан, басы жигитлери сол ханның қарсылығына төтепки бере билди. Бирақ бийлердиң алаўызлығынан ол да қолға түсти. Бир жола... булл қыстың қатты боранлы күни еди... Қудықтың басында суў алып турсам, ханның еки жаллаты Ерназарды пияда қәлпинде қар үстинен жалаңаяқ айдап баратыр екен. Жигитке реймим түсип, дәрриў етигимди шешип бердим. Ерназар да мәрт екен. Етикти ала сала қонышын қайырып жиберип аяғына илдирди... Сонда ол «Билмеген екенмен, қарақалпақтың мәрт қызлары бар екен»—деп еди... Ҳақыйқатында да оның билмегени дурыс. Қырық қыздың Гүлайымы. Мәспатшаның Айпаршасы, Алпамыстың Гүлпаршыны қандай болған! Қарақалпақтың, қай қызы да олардан қалыспайды. Бирақ, шырағым, қалай болса да Ерназардың сөзин хәр бир қарақалпақ қызы есинде сақлаўы керек. Аўыр күнлерге мәрт болыў дәркар, Ел ушын жан аямасаң ел сыйлайды. Әй, қызым, мен өзим туўралы көбирек сөйлеп жибердим, бурын еситкен де шығарсан... Ол ернин жыбырлатып қыздан және суў сорады. Таңлайын, жибитип сөзин даўам етти: — Ал енди, сен және бир нәрсени умытпа. Мәрт боламан деп ериңе қарсы турып жүрме, Пирим Бийбипатпаның нәсиятын орынла... Қыз кемпирдиң ҳәр бир сөзин ядлап алайын дегендей үнсиз тыңлап отыр. Кемпир өзиниң сүйеги шығып турған қоллары менен қыздың тоқпақтай билегин сыйпап нәсиятлай берди. [ T.Kayıpbergenov. “Qaraqalpaq qızı” ; р.54] The author describes the advices of the old woman to the young girl who is going to marry very expressively. Mentioning the names of the characters of folklore dastan such as brave girl of Karakalpak people Gulayim, Ayparsha who is beloved of Maspatsha, Gulparshın and Alpamıs gives bright description of the context. Especially using the saint pirim Biypatma the wife of saint Muchammed realizes the pragmatic intention “to activize the knowledge structures”. Next example of antonomasia used by the Hollywood star to characterize her husband: (30) He was a playboy and a Casanova. a Don Juan and a charmer - a man whom other men longed to emulate and every woman longed to love... When Ruby became jealous, he was transformed from aristocratic charmer to something akin to Download 1.3 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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