M. A. I english P. C3 & C6 Modern Linguistics title pmd
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M. A. I English P. C-3 Intr. to Modern Linguistics all
Syntagmatic Relations
These relations are complementary. The syntagmatic relations are how linguistic signs / elements can be sequences in phonology, morphology and syntax. The paradigmatic relations are that linguistic elements trigger other linguistic elements / signs. e.g. lexicon. Elements from paradigmatic axis can replace the element on syntagmatic axis, as it is shown in the above diagram. A syntag is an orderly combination of interacting signifiers (words) which forms a meaningful whole within a text / chain. Such combinations are made within a framework of syntactic rules and conventions. A sentence is a syntagm of words. Text is syntagm of sentences. There are always larger units, composed of smaller units, with a relation of interdependence holding between both : syntagm can contain other syntagm. A printed advertisement is a syntagm of visual signifiers. Syntagmatic relations are the various ways in which elements within the same text may be related to each other. Syntagms are created by the linking of signifiers from paradigm sets which are chosen on the basis of whether they are conventionally regarded as appropriate or may be required by grammar. Syntagmatic relations highlight the significance of part- whole relationship. Saussure stressed that the whole depends on the parts and the parts depend on the whole (Saussure 1974, 128). P a r a d g m a t i c 43 To explain these relations, we can have a example of dress e.g. shoes will not go with sari. If a girl decides to wear a sari, she will choose blouse, and sandals. Blouse will not go with pant or T-shirts will not go with sari. Another example will explain it is relation to language. e.g. Soldiers were marching in the street. In this sentence instead of ‘marching’ of ‘walking’ is used, it will not be appropriate though not completely wrong. The Thief was lurking in the dark. Here if we use walking instead of lurking, again it will not be appropriate. Lurking goes with some hidden intentions. A set of synonyms is a paradigmatic set, Paradigmatic relations operate on the levels of the signifier, the signified or both. A paradigm is a set of associated signifiers or signified which are all members of some defining category but in which each is significantly different. In all languages there are grammatical paradigm set of nouns and verbs. Paradigmatic relations are those which belong to the same set by virtue function they share. A sign enters into paradigmatic relations with all the signs which can also occur in the same context but not at the same time. In a given context one member of the paradigm set is structurally replacable with another . The use of one signifier (word) rather than the another from the same paradigm set shapes the preferred meaning of a text. In a way paradigmatic relations can thus be seen as ‘contrastive’ (Paradigmatic relations are of substitution, syntagmatic relations are of addition or deletion). Download 1.53 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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