M. A. I english P. C3 & C6 Modern Linguistics title pmd
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M. A. I English P. C-3 Intr. to Modern Linguistics all
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- Performance
Chomsky : He also distinguishes between the underlying knowledge of language from
the way language is actually used in practice. Chomsky primarily concerned about the theory of competence, because he thought that performance may be affected by things like attention, stamina, false starts, interaction features and errors. According to him, these things are not subject to the study of language, but may be of Neurology or muscle functioning. Competence is a person’s subconscious linguistic ability to create and understand sentences, never heard before. It is person’s knowledge of grammatical rules of a language and it is different from the actual linguistic activities. (Linguistics includes components like phonolgy, syntax, morphology and semantics) Competence enables native speaker to recognize ambiguities as well as meaningless sentences though they are grammatically correct. e.g. colourless green ideas sleep furiously. Native speakers immediately realizes that colouless and green sleep and furiously cannot go together, and ‘ideas’ cannot sleep as they are not alive. Absurdity in this sentence will be easily understood by the native speakers. Performance : Performance is the real world linguistic output. It may reflect competence, but it may include speech errors. It may be flowed/affected because of memory limitations, distractions, shifts of attention and interest and errors or other psychological factors. This distinction helps to understand between speech error and not knowing something about the language. Parole and performance are similar in nature but there is basic difference in the concept of competence and Langue. Langue is heterogeneous whereas competence is homogeneous. Langue is outside. It is result of social contract. It resides in the speech community society. Competence is individualized resides in an individuals brain. Langue is somewhat 51 static though change occurs in it, it is very slow, whereas performance is dynamic as a mechanism that generates utterances endlessly. Chomsky’s notion of competence is more psychological. It is too idealistic, according to some linguists. But Chomsky dismissed criticism of delimiting the study of performance in favour of the study of underlying competence as unwarranted and completely misdirected. It helped to expand the original concept to communicative competence. (introduced by Hymes) Communicative competence is defined as the socially appropriate use of language. Rationalist view of language acquisition argues that human beings have an innate ability to understand the grammar of languages that the general rules of language are internalized within the human brain. As a consequence people/native speaker is able to automatically recognize and reject ungrammatical utterances. Download 1.53 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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