M. A. I english P. C3 & C6 Modern Linguistics title pmd

Function
Function
Factor
Factor
1
Context
Message
Referential
2
Addresser
Message
Emotive
3
Addressee
Message
Conative
4
Contact
Message
Phatic
5
Code
Message
Metalinguistic
6
Message
Message
Poetic
This theory of communincative functions was first published in ‘Closing
Statements : Linguistics and Poetics”. Though this theory is widely accepted, the
six functions model is criticized for lacking specific interest in the ‘play function’ of
language. It is not sufficiently studied in general by linguistic researchers.
1.4
Terms to Remember :
1.
Langue
:
an abstract system of language.
2.
Parole
:
actual use of language - performance.
3.
Linguistic competence
:
ability of language user to speak and write
grammatically correct.
4.
Performance
:
the actual usage of competence in communication;
subject to physical biological limitations (memory,
breathing), hesitations, errors etc.

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5.
Competence
:
the speakers unconscious knowledge of his/her
language enabling him’her to produce and
understand an infinite number of sentences.
6.
Signifier
:
sound image, the word.
7.
Signified
:
idea, concept, meaning, thing indicated by signifier.
8.
Synchronic
:
study of a language at a moment in time without
the consideration of its history.
9.
Diachromic
:
study of the development at a moment in time
without the consideration of its history.
9.
Diachromic
;
study of the development and evolution of a
language through time. (Historical Lingusitics)
10.
Syntagmatic Relationship :
is one where linguistic signs occur in sequence or
parallel and operate together to create meaning
(Syntax) horizontal axis.
11.
Paradigmatic Relationship : is one where an individual sign may be replaced by
another (lexicon) vertical axis.
12.
The Referential Function :
is oriented towards the context (informative).
13.
The Emotive Function
:
is oriented towards the Addresser. It expresses
speakers attitude about the topic.
14.
The Conative
:
(action-inducing order/command) function is
oriented towards the Addressee or the second
person.
15.
The Metalingual
:
(language speaking about language) function is
oriented toward the code.
16.
The Poetic Function
:
is oriented towards the message for its own sake.