Production Function
“A production function refers to the functional relationship, under the given technology, between physical
rates of input and output of a firm, per unit of time.”
Q = f ( LB,L,K,M,T,t)
Q = f ( K, L)
Where,
Q=Output M =Raw material
f=Functional relationship T=Technology
LB= Land and building t= Time
L=Land
K= Capital
Law of diminishing marginal returns/Law of returns to a variable input
“ As more and more units of a variable factor input are
employed, all other input quantities held constant,
the total output may initially increase at an increasing rate and then at a constant rate but it will eventually
increase at diminishing rates”
“During short period, under the given state of technology and other conditions remaining unchanged, with
the given fixed factors, when the units of a variable factor are increased in the production function in order
to increase the TP, the TP initially may rise at an increasing rate and after a point it
tends to increase at a
decreasing rate because the MP of the variable factor in the beginning may tend to rise but
eventually tend
to diminish.”
Assumptions of the law
-
Constant technology
-
Homogeneous Factor(Labour)
-
Short run
-
Variable input ratio
Three stages of production
Stage I: Increasing Returns – TP increases at increasing rate, then starts increasing at decreasing rate.
AP throughout rising and become maximum.
MP rising initially and then starts falling.
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