Measuring student knowledge and skills
Measuring Student Knowledge and Skills
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measuring students\' knowledge
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- Mathematical curricular strands
Measuring Student Knowledge and Skills
50 OECD 1999 photographs and maps of the same city. They must also understand how three-dimensional objects can be represented in two dimensions, how shadows are formed and must be interpreted, what perspective is and how it functions. Described in this way, the study of space and shape is open-ended and dynamic, and fits well with mathematical literacy and the mathematical competencies defined for OECD/PISA. Mathematical curricular strands Of course one cannot, and should not, ignore traditional strands of the mathematics curriculum. This is why they are explicitly included as a minor organising aspect of the mathematical literacy domain in OECD/PISA. The mathematical curricular strands aspect can help to ensure a balance in the items and a rea- sonable spread of content in relation to the school curriculum. The content strands for OECD/PISA are: – number; – measurement; – estimation; – algebra; – functions; – geometry; – probability; – statistics; and – discrete mathematics. This list of curricular strands was developed in collaboration with countries participating in PISA. Items covering each of the above curricular strands will be included in the OECD/PISA assessments. Situations An important part of the definition of mathematical literacy is doing and using mathematics in a vari- ety of situations. It has been recognised that the choice of mathematical methods and presentations of results is often dependent upon the settings in which the problems are presented. Each situation should allow students to participate in the process of mathematisation by recognising how practices learned in one situation can successfully be applied in other, similar situations. One can think of situations as being at a certain “distance” from the students: of those identified for OECD/PISA, the closest is personal life, next is school life, work and sports (or leisure in general), followed by the local community and society as encountered in daily life, and furthest away are scientific contexts. Scientific contexts include proofs of abstract conjectures, generalisations of numeric or spatial patterns and the like. In this way a more or less continuous scale has been identified that can be regarded as another aspect of the framework for OECD/PISA, in which the focus will be on five situations: personal, educa- tional, occupational, public and scientific. An aspect related to situations is the authenticity of the settings used in the problems. This aspect is discussed further below. Download 0.68 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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