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Letter to Muqauqis, king of Alexandria and Egypt 
The Prophet’s letter to Muqauqis went thus: “In the name of 
Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 
“From Muhammad, the servant and Messenger of Allah, to 
Muqauqis, the ruler of the Copts.” “Blessed are those who follow 
Guidance. I call you to Islam. Embrace Islam that you may find 
peace. Accept Islam, and Allah will reward you twofold. If you 
reject Allah’s word, then on you shall rest the sin of the Copts as 
well.” 

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“[Allah says in the Qur’an]: O people of the Book: Come to 
that which is common between you and us, that we may serve 
none but Allah, nor associate anything with Him, nor take others 
for Lords besides Allah. But if they turn away, then say: Bear 
witness that we are Muslims.” “If you reject this, then on you 
shall rest the sin of your people.” 
The Prophet sent this through Hateeb bin Abi Baltah, who 
held a discussion with Muqauqis, and won his esteem. Muqauqis 
then put the letter in an ivory case, placed his seal on it and 
preserved it. He wrote back to the Prophet saying he believed a 
prophet was to appear, but he thought that he would come from 
Syria. Although he did not embrace Islam, he presented to the 
Prophet two maidens named Mariya and Sireen, who were of 
high status among the Copts. He also sent some cloth and a 
donkey. The Prophet chose Mariya (who was later to become 
the mother of his son, Ibraheem) and Duldul the donkey for 
himself. He gave Sireen to Hassan bin Thabit . 
Letter to Chosroes (Khusro Pervez), the king of Persia 
The Prophet addressed this letter to the king of Persia: “In 
the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 
“From the Prophet Muhammad, to Chosroes, ruler of 
Persia.” “Blessed are those who follow Guidance and put faith in 
Allah and His Messenger. I bear witness that none is worthy of 
worship except Allah. He is One and has no partner, and 
Muhammad is His servant and Messenger. I call you to Allah, as I 
am a Prophet sent to all mankind to warn those alive and to 
establish the truth in the eyes of the unbelievers. Accept Islam 
and you will be secure. In case you reject it, you shall bear the sin 
of all the Magi.” 
This letter was sent through Abdullah bin Hudhayfah Sahmi 
to the ruler of Bahrain, who was to deliver it to Chosroes. When 
the letter was read out to Chosroes, he ripped it up saying, “A 
wretched slave among my subjects dares write his name before 

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mine!” When the Prophet heard how Chosroes had torn up his 
epistle, he said, “Even so shall Allah destroy his kingdom.” His 
words rang true, for shortly thereafter the Persian forces tasted 
ignominious defeat at the hands of the Romans. Following this, 
Chosroes’ son, Shervah, rose up in revolt, assassinated him and 
seized the throne. Persia was racked by dissention and conflict 
until the Muslim conquest during the Caliphate of Umar bin 
Khattab .