Modern trends and concepts in Phraseology

29. What is the difference between native and borrowed PhUs? Give examples
Native PhUs:

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  Connected with traditions, beliefs, customs: baker’s dozen, fish and chips, black sheep;
  
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  English realia: to carry coal to Newcastle;
  
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  Authentic literary works: a Sherlock Holmes;
  
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  Historical events: Hobson’s choice;
  
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  Professionalisms: to be all at sea;
  
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  Authorised PhUs: the wish is father to the thought (W. Shakespeare);
  
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  PhUs with English proper names: clever Dick, etc.
  

Borrowed PhUs:

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  Biblical expressions: the olive branch;
  
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  Religious rituals: for better or for worse;
  
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  Greek mythology: a Sisyphean labour;
  
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  Foreign literature – Aesop’s idioms: to kill the goose that laid the golden eggs; sour grapes;
  
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  Roman mythology: life is not a bed of roses;
  
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  From French: the fair sex, bon appetit;
  
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  From German: too many cooks spoil the broth;
  
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  From Latin: a devil’s advocate;
  
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  From Arabic: an open sesame;
  
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  From Chinese: to lose face; etc.
  

30. What is a motivation? What types of motivation do you know?
Motivation is possibility of interpreting the meaning of the phraseological units. (relationship between form and meaning).
There are 3 types:
Full motivation >>> meaning can be fully understood
Heavy weight, red face
Partial motivation >>> some at least one component of PhU can be understood.
To fall in love – to love
To shrug one’s shoulder – to show indecision
Non-motivation >>>>> not understandable at all
Heavy father (serious part of the theatrical play)
Break a leg (to wish success)
To be on the ball (to react quickly)