Modern trends and concepts in Phraseology

particles.
Examples:
a) She put down the baby. ( correct)
She put the baby down. (correct)
b) The student put her bad grade down to tiredness. ( correct)
- The student put down her bad grade to tiredness. (incorrect)
- Phrasal verbs confused with prepositional verbs
When a particle phrasal verb is transitive, it can look just like a prepositional phrasal verb. When the object of a particle verb is a definite pronoun, it can and does often precede the particle. In contrast, the object of a preposition can never precede the preposition.
Examples with prepositional phrasal verbs:
a) You can bank on Susan. “On” is a preposition. (correct)
b) You can bank her on. The object of the preposition cannot precede the preposition.(
incorrect)
Examples with particle phrasal verbs:
a) He is thinking over the situation. “Over” is a particle.
b) He is thinking it over. ( The object of the particle verb can precede the particle)
17. What are the differences between a word and a set expression?
Set-expression is a word-group consisting of two or more words whose combination is integrated as a unit with a specialized meaning of the whole. Set-expressions are characterized by stability, i.e. their fixed and ready-made nature, and polylexicality, i.e. consisting of more than one lexical unit.
Specific features of set-expressions
Polylexicality - consist of more than one lexical unit; Structural stability - the components of set expressions are either irreplaceable (e.g. red tape, mare's nest) or partly replaceable within the bounds of phraseological or phraseomatic variance: lexical (e.g. a skeleton in the cupboard—a skeleton in the closet), grammatical (e.g. to be in deep water—to be in deep waters), positional (e.g. head over ears—over head and ears), quantitative (e.g. to lead smb a dance—to lead smb a pretty dance); Idiomaticity or figurativity - semantic integrity, realized in a special meaning of the whole in the fixed context which can’t be deduced from the meanings of its components: e.g. “to let the cat out of the bag” - “to let some secret become known”.