Modifiers–The Rest of the Story
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5
reported by the surgeon as “included in the global pack-
age.” Again, modifiers are needed to clarify the story and
to identify when services and items are not included in the
global surgery package.
Modifier 58
Staged or related procedure or service by the same physi-
cian during the postoperative period
—This modifier
identifies when a staged or related procedure is performed
on a patient that is still in a global period from an initial
service. It should be utilized when there is a planned or
staged procedure that is related to the first but done at a
separate later encounter or used when a related procedure,
usually of a more extensive nature, is performed during the
global period.
For example, a patient has been diagnosed with breast
cancer and has a lumpectomy performed and lymph nodes
are taken. After pathology, the nodes come back positive
for malignancy, so the patient is returned to surgery and a
more extensive total mastectomy is performed. The patient
is still within the global period from the lumpectomy, so
modifier 58 would be attached to show the mastectomy is
a related procedure in the post-operative period. One criti-
cal thing to remember is when this occurs, a new 90 day
global period begins and the clock starts again from the
date of the second procedure.
Modifier 78
Unplanned return to the operating/procedure room by the
same physician or other qualified health care professional
following initial procedure for a related procedure during
the postoperative period
—This modifier identifies a related
procedure that requires a return to the operating room
performed by the same physician within the post-operative
period. This modifier and modifier 58 are often confusing
as they have very similar features. One key to correct use
of modifier 78 is to append it when there is an unexpected
return to the operating room and, while related, it is not
an extension of the initial procedure. This is used most fre-
quently when a complication arises and causes the patient
to return to the operating room to handle and treat the
complication by means of an additional procedure.
This modifier would be appropriate in a scenario in which
the patient had open heart surgery. The following day
there is still bleeding and seepage around the incision site
and the patient is returned to the operative suite to per-
form a procedure for bleeding control. It was not staged
and expected, it wasn’t more extensive, but it did require
a return to the operating room. Modifier 78 should be
utilized. One key difference is that when utilizing the 78
modifier, the global period does not change and the 90 day
global period remains from the date of the first procedure.
It also should be noted that a slight change in the word-
ing does allow for modifier 78 to be utilized if there is no
return to a formal operative suite, but any dedicated proce-
dure room or an ASC.
Modifier 79
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