Neuro-physiological basis of sensations Visual senses Muscle movement sensations, static sensations

Olfactory senses
Olfactory senses include the sense of smell, and their organ is the upper part of the nasal cavity, where olfactory cells and sensory nerve networks are located. They are embedded in mucous membranes.
Odorants stimulate the sensory nerve. It is assumed that the olfactory center is located in the lower part of the back surface of the cerebral hemispheres. Odor substances act on the olfactory cells in the gaseous state and stimulate them through chemical reactions. Odorous substances in the normal gaseous state enter the nasal air during inhalation, resulting in a reflective state.
Senses of taste
Taste sensations are characterized by the sensation of tastes such as sweet, bitter, sour, salty. The organ of sense of taste consists of the surface of the tongue and the soft part of the palate. On the mucous membrane of the tongue there are special taste buds, which contain special taste "buds" made up of rod-shaped cells. Since the taste buds are not evenly distributed on the surface of the tongue, its back part perceives bitterness, the tip perceives sweet taste, and the edges perceive sour taste. But if they are in the middle, it cannot reflect the taste. In the cellular parts of the taste buds, there are the ends of special sensory nerves, which transmit the impulse from the taste organ to the brain, which is located near its centers.
Skin sensations.
The composition of skin sensations consists of the types of sensation and temperature, and the main reason for their name is the composition of these receptors and their location on the outer mucous membranes of the body.
Senses of touch have the ability to receive two types of information, the first is the sensation of touch and diffusion, and the second is characterized by the sensation of smoothness or roughness. Usually, the sensation of objects touching a body part turns into a tight sensation when the external stimulus increases, and when it increases, it turns into a pain sensation.
The sensory organs are made up of cells known as sensory cells in the skin and outer mucous membranes. Inside and partly outside the body there are peripheral branches of the sensory nerve, which are evenly distributed on the skin and mucous membranes, densely located on the tips of the fingers, on the tip of the tongue, and therefore the level of sensitivity is higher than others.
In psychology, the density of sensory bodies and peripheral branches of the sensory nerve is measured with the help of an extiziometer. The instrument consists of a two-legged circle that can be stretched, and the degrees on its core measure the distance between the ends of the legs.
It is believed that the center of sensation is located at the central point in the back of the brain. The external, i.e. physical, cause of sensations is the direct contact of something with the skin.