Neutral words
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- Expressive means and stylistic devices
Vulgar or obscene (непристойный, неприличный; вульгарный, грубый) words may be viewed as part of slang.
They are always words with a strong emotive colouring and sound insulting to the ear, e.g., a smeller = a nose, pay dirt = money, a rotten party = morally corrupt. Incorrect grammatical and phonetic forms of illiterate speech cannot be regarded as vulgarisms. The most popular images of slang are food, money, sex and sexual attraction, people's appearances and characters. Because it is not standard, formal or acceptable under all conditions, slang is usually considered vulgar, impolite, or boorish (грубый, невежливый, невоспитанный, неучтивый). However, the vast majority of slangy words and expressions are neither taboo, vulgar, derogatory, nor offensive in meaning, sound, or image. Picturesque metaphor, metonymy, hyperbole and irony make slangy words spicy (колкий, язвительный). Look how long, diverse and expressive the chain of slangy synonyms denoting "money" is: ackers, cly, cole, gelt, moo, moolah, mopus, oof, spondulicks, queer, boot, chuck, hardstujf, lettuce, lolly, boodle, sea-coal, green goods, hay, shoestring, ante, bread, ducats, dumps, swag, bean, blunt, crap, dough, haddock, ochre, rubbish, salad, soap, splosh, sugar, chink, gob, poke, iron, balsam, jack, loot, pile, wad, dust, tin, brass, fat, rocks, chips, corn, red, sand, bundle, oil, shells. For the most part they sound somewhat vulgar, cynical and harsh: beans, brass, dibs, oof (money), attic, brain-pan, nut, hat peg (head). Expressive means and stylistic devices. The difference between the expressive means and stylistic devices is that expressive means have a greater degree of predictability than stylistic devices . Stylistic devices carry a greater amount of information and require a certain effort to decode their meaning. Expressive means of a language are those linguistic forms and properties that have the potential to make the utterance emphatic or expressive. These can be found on all levels - phonetic, graphical, morphological, lexical or syntactical. Expressive means and stylistic devices have a lot in common but they are not completely synonymous. All stylistic devices belong to expressive means but not all expressive means are stylistic devices. Phonetic phenomena such as vocal pitch, pauses, logical stress, and drawling, or staccato pronunciation are all expressive without being stylistic devices Morphological forms like diminutive suffixes may have an expressive effect: girlie, piggy, doggy, etc. An unexpected use of the author's nonce words like: He glasnosted his love affair with this movie star (People) is another example of morphological expressive means. Lexical expressive means may be illustrated by a special group of intensifiers - awfully, terribly, absolutely, etc. or words that retain their logical meaning while being used emphatically: It was a very special evening/event/gift. There are also special grammatical forms and syntactical patterns attributing expressiveness, such as: I do know you! I'm really angry with that dog of yours! Download 481.98 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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