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S h axsn in g ustanovkasi yoki anglanm agan mayllari P sixologiva f a n i d a x u lq -a tv o r va faoliyatga q aratilg a n a n g l a n m a g a n m a y l l a r o ra sid a m u a y y a n d a r a j a d a ta d q iq c tilg a n i u s t a n o v k a ( k o ' r s a t m a b e r is h , y o ‘l - y o ‘riq k o ‘r- satish) m u a m m o s i h i s o b la n a d i. U sh b u u m u r n i y psixologik m asala g ru z in p six o lo g i D . N .U z n a d z e va u n i n g shogirdlari t o m o n i d a n k e n g k o l a m d a o'rganilgan. U s ta n o v k a sei i n g l iz c h a sol7. b o klib. u ko'rsatm a berish, anglanm agan m a v lla r, y o 'l- y o ‘riq k o ‘rsatish m a 'n o l a r i d a www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi q o 'l l a n i b k e lin a d i. Biroq keying! a t a m a l a r u n i n g h a q i q i y m a ’n o sin i, m o h i y a t in i m u k a m m a l a k s e tt i r m a y d i, s h u n i n g u c h u n u s h b u a t a m a n i o £zg a ris h s iz q o l d i r s a h a m b o 'l a d i . O d a t d a , u s t a n o v k a d e g a n d a , b i l i s h f a o li y a ti b i l a n b e v o s i t a b o g ' l i q b o ' l g a n c h t i y o j n i m a ' l u m u s l u b d a q o n d iris h g a ruhiy jih a td a n ta y y o rlik tu s h u n ila d i. U s ta n o v k a s h a x s n i n g o ' z i a n g l a b y e t m a g a n m u a y y a n ru h iy h o l a t i yoki m a y lid ir. B u n d a y h o l a t d a s h a x s b i r o n - b i r e h tiy o jn i q o n d i r i s h m u m k i n b o 'lg a n m a ’l u m fa o liy a tg a r u h a n t a y y o r t u r a d i . U s t a n o v k a n i n g m a v j u d l i g i . u n i n g q o n u n i y a t l a r i c k s p e r i m e n t a l ta rz d a t a 'k id ia b o 't i l g a n v a ilm iy m a k t a b n a m o y a n d a l a r i t o m o n id a n a n i q l a n g a n . M a z k u r t a jrib a d a s in a lu v c h ig a ikkita — bittasi k a t t a , ik k in ch isi esa k ic h ik ro q s o q q a c h a n i k o 'z i y u m u q h o ld a u z l u k s i z b ir n c c h a ( 1 0 — 15) m a r t a p ay p a sla b ta q q o s la s h t a k l i f qilin a d i. E k s p e r i- m e n t n i n g n av b a td a g i b o s q i c h i d a s o q q a c h a l a r b a r a v a r ig a a l m a s h tirila d i, b u n d a qiziq h o la t y u z b e rib , b a r a v a r j i s m l a r h a m h a r x i l tu y u la d i, y a 'n i s i n a l u v c h i d a (illuziya) n o t o ‘g ‘ri aks e ttirish h o lati yuzaga keladi. B u n d a y psixologik v o q e a - ning v u ju d g a kclishiga asosiy s a b a b s h u k i , obyektiv j i h a t d a n o ' z a r o t e n g s o q q a c h a l a r t a q q o s l a n g a n d a f a v q u l o d d a su byektiv s h a r o i t d a ular b i r - b ir i g a t e n g e m a s , d e g a n inayl b i l a n ish t u t i l g a n l i g i d i r . U s h b u h o l a t o d d i y r o q q i l i b t u s h u n t i r i l a d i g a n b o l s a , t a q q o s l a s h j a r a y o n i u s t a n o v k a ( k o ‘rs a tm a b e ris h , y o 1 - y o ‘riq k o 'r s a t i s h ) aso sid a a m a l g a o shirilganligi u c h u n s h u n d a y n a t i j a g a kelindi. D . N . U z n a d z e n i n g t a ’k i d l a s h i c h a , in s o n d a u s t a n o v k a b ila n b o g i i q psixofiziologik h o l a t m a r k a z iy nerv s i s te - m a s in in g g in a e m a s , balki u n i n g p e r if e rik qism i fa o liy a tin i h a m m a h s u l i b o "lib h i s o b l a n a d i . D . N . U z n a d z e n i n g ta jrib a la rid a sin alu v c h in in g o ' n g q o 'l i g a n a v b a t bilan a w a l k atta, k eyin k ich ik s o q q a c h a la r b e r i b tu rila d i va bu v a z iy a t 1 0 — 15 m a r t a tak ro rla n ad i. T a j r i b a n i n g oxirgi b o s q i c h i d a s in a lu v c h in in g c h a p q o 'liga b ir-b irig a t e n g s o q q a la r b e rila d i. B u n in g n a tija sid a unin g c h a p q o l i d a h a m illuziya, y a ’ni n o to 'g 'ri id rok qilish vujudga keladi. K o 'z bilan id r o k q i l is h d a ikkita o ' z a r o t e n g o b y ek tlarn i q a y d qiiishdagi u s t a n o v k a o 'n g k o 'z g a h a m o ‘z ta'sirini o 't k a z g a n . Eksperim ental t a r z d a www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi o ‘rg a n il g a n u s t a n o v k a l i v a z iy a tla rn i t a k r o r l a s h ev a zig a in s o n n i n g o kzig a s e z il m a g a n h o ld a m u a y y a n o b y e k tla rd a s u b y e k t g a t a a l l u q l i „ fik sa l u s t a n o v k a l a r “ ( q a y d c tilg an k o ‘r s a t m a l a r ) v u j u d g a k e lg a n lig i a n i q l a n g a n . D e m a k , u s t a n o v k a n i e k s p e r i m e n t a l t a d q iq e tis h n a ti j a s i d a a n g - l a n m a g a n m a y l l a r a s ta - s c k i n t a d q iq q ilin u v c h i darajasiga o ‘sib o ‘tishi m u m k i n . D . N . U z n a d z e n i n g natijalariga 0 ‘x sh a sh q a t o r m a ’Iu- m o tla r shaxsda m u s t a h k a m l a n ib qolganligi tufayli ijtimoiy t u r m u s h d a u s t a n o v k a fu n k s iy a la r in i b a j a r i b k e lm o q d a : 1) b o s h l a n g ‘ich s i n f o ‘q u v ch ilarin in g o ld id a t u rg a n u sta novkalar xuddi s h u n d a y toifaga kirganligi sababli o ‘quvchi- lar o ‘q ituvchining b a r c h a topshiriqlarini d arhol bajarishga tay- y o r turadilar; 2) hiso b ch ilarg a nisbatan q o 'r s , rasmiyatchi deyishlik; 3) o lim la r g a nisbatan parishonxotirlik; 4) savdo xodim lariga n isb a ta n uddaburonlik, d a r o m a d qilishga ustasi faranglik; 5) b o la n in g h a q g o ‘yligi, sir tutmasligi; 6) qariya- ning so‘zi t u g a g u n c h a — o ‘salning jon i uzilishi t o ‘g ‘risidagi fik r-m u lo h a z a la r u s ta n o v k a g a yaqqoi misol b o l a oladi. S h u n i n g d e k , j a m o a l a r d a , b a 'z i d a g u r u h l a r d a , o ilalarda u s t a n o v k a g a a s o s l a n i s h v a i s h o n i s h b a ' z i d a n o x u s h o q ib a tla rg a o lib k e la d i. A v toritar ta fa k k u r, m illiy sterc o - tip , e t n i k r a s m - r u s u m l a r ham u s ta n o v k a g a misol b o ‘la oladi. D a v o lo v c h i s h i f o k o r n in g u s ta n o v k a la rig a b e m o r n i n g r i o y a q i l i s h i , i r q c h i l i k m u n o s a b a t l a r i , i l m i y u n v o n l i ziyolilarga b e r ilg a n (s u p e r) orttirm a b a h o l a r va b o sh q alar u s t a n o v k a n i n g a n g l a n m a g a n sh a k lin i o ' z i d a m u j a s s a m - la sh tira d i. S h u n i t a ’k id la s h joizki, b a ’z i d a shaxs u c h u n a n g la n m a g a n u s t a n o v k a o ‘z pozitsiyasini a n i q n a m o y is h qilishda e 'ti q o d s ifa tid a gavdalanadi va a n g la n m a g a n om illar tariqasida aks etadi. G r u z i n p s ix o lo g la ri to m o n i d a n u s t a n o v k a n i n g tu rlic h a xislatlari ( q o ‘z g ‘a l u v c h a n l i k , d i n a m i k li k , s ta tiklik, plas- t i k l i k — d a g ‘a l l i k , l a b i l l i k — s t a b i l l i k , i r r a d i a t s i y a — g e n e r a l i z a ts i y a ) v a t ip la ri (diffuz, d iff e r e n s i a l l a s h g a n , ilk sa ts iy a la sh g a n ) a n i q l a n g a n . U la r n in g fik rich a , u s t a n o v k a n i n g b a ’zi b i r x i s l a t la r i m u t a n o s i b lig i u n i n g h a r xil tiplarini v u ju d g a keltiradi. Psixoz va n e v r o z la r ustanovka- 102 www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi n i n g p a t o l o g i k o ' z g a r i s h l a r i d a t / z i f o d a s i n i t o p a d i . S h u n i n g d e k , u sta n o v k a i n s o n h u k m r o n l i g in i va q u d r a t i n i tashkil q ilish n in g yuksak darajasi s a n a la d i. U x u l q - a t v o r n i n g b a ta r tib lig i va izchilligining a s o s i h is o b la n a d i. U l a r n i n g n u i l o h a z a l a r i c h a , u s ta n o v k a i n s o n n i n g m u a y y a n s h a k l d a m u n o s a b a t b i l d i r i s h g a y u k s a k y o ‘s i n d a u m u m i a s h g a n t a y y o r g a r l i k h o l a t i , r c a k s i y a n i n g y a q q o l n a t i j a s i n i n g k o d l a s h t i r i l g a n n c y r o d i n a m i k n i o d e l i , m a z k u r r e a k s i y a v a q t i n i o l d i n d a n p a y q a s h , q o l a v e r s a y a x lit f a o liy a t t u z i - l i s h i n i n g a j r a l m a s q i s m i d i r . S h u n i n g u c h u n u s t a n o v ka o ‘z g a r u v c h a n l i k va b a r q a r o r l i k n i a n i q l a s h g a x i z m a t q i l a d i. U s t a n o v k a n i n g y a n a d a y u k s a k b o s q i c h i a n g l a n i s h k o 'r in i s h i g a ega b o 'lishi m u m k i n . G u r u h i y va j a m o a v i y m u n o s a b a t l a r d a un in g a ’z o la r i n i is h o n tir is h (ularga t a ' s i r o ‘t k a z i s h ) o r q a l i m u a y y a n y o ' n a l i s h g a s a f a r b a r q i l i s h ; fik rla r d a u m u m iy l i k n i v u j u d g a k e l t i r i s h h o la tla ri b u n g a y o r q i n m i s o l d i r . I s h o n is h v a i s h o n t i r i s h o d a m l a r n i n g x a r a k t e r xislatiga, x u lq -a tv o rig a b e v o s i t a bogMiq. Bu h o l a t p s i x o l o g i y a d a e k s p e r i m e n t a l t a d q i q e t i l g a n . M a s a l a n , s i n a l u v c h ila rg a m a ’lum v a q t o r a l i g 'i d a soatiga q a r a m a y , s e k u n d l a r in i o ‘z ichida s a n a s h o r q a li b ir m i n u t n i n g q a n - c h a d a o 't i s h i n i aniqlash to p s h irilg a n . K ey in c h alik b u s a n a s h signal b c r is h b ila n t e k s h irib t u r i l g a n , b a ’za n „ y o l g ' o n “ sig n a lla r b i l a n tajriba b o 'l in is h ig a y o ‘l q o 'y ilg a n . Q a t n a s h - c h ila r e k s p c r i m e n t a t o r g a i s h o n g a n l a r i u c h u n shu x a t o l a r g a y o kl q o 'y g a n la r . I s h o n u v c h a n l ik n i a n i q l a s h d a „ k o n f o r m i z m “ (k c lis h u v , m u r o s a - y u m a d o r a ) d a n f o y d a l a n i lg a n . Ichki va t a s h q i k e lis h u v c h a n lik ichdan k e l i s h m o v c h i l i k ( n o k o n f o r m i z m ) g u r u h i y is h o n u v c h a n lik n in g m o h i y a t i n i o 'r g a n i s h u c h u n o b y e k t sifa tid a foydalanilgan. B i r g u r u h o d a m l a r n in g o c h i q o v o z b c r is h i k o n f o r m i z m n i n g n a m o y o n b o i i s h i d i r . L e k i n k o n f o r m i z m ,,soxtalikuni h a m k e l t i r i b ch iqarishi m u m k i n , u n i n g aks ettiru v ch isi esa k o n f o r m i s t d e b ataladi. X u l q - a t v o r va f a o l i y a t n i n g a n g l a n m a g a n o m i l l a r i q a to rig a m a y l l a r kiradi. H ali d i f f e r c n s i a l l a s h m a g a n , y e t a r l i d a r a ja d a a n g l a n m a g a n c h t i y o j d a n t a s h k il to p g a n x u l q - a t v o r H)3 www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi v a faoliyatni a m a l g a o s h iris h g a u n d o v c h i o m i l m ayl deb a tala d i. M ayliik h o l a t i g a kirib b o ra y o tg a n sh a x s u c h u n ja lb q ila y o tg a n o b y e k t i d a u n i n im a q iz iq tir a y o tg a n i va qaysi a l o m a t o ‘ziga t o r t a y o t g a n i n i n g s a b a b i noaniqligidir. Faoliyat m aqsadi subyektga n o m a 'l u m l i g i tufayli m ayl ustunlik qiladi. B u n d a y psixik h o l a t i n s o n la rd a t e z - t e z u c h r a b tu rs a - d a , lek in o ‘zin in g t e z k o r o ‘tu vchanligi bilan b o s h q a v o q ea la r- d a n ajralib tu ra d i. O d a t d a , ushbu m o h iy a tli psixik h o la tn i h a r a k a t l a n t i m v c h i e h t i y o j s o 'n d irish i yoki o rz u g a a y lan - tirishi m u m k i n . B i n o b a r i n , u xohish, n iy a t, o r z u , fa n ta - ziy a kabi s h a k l l a r g a a y la n is h i tufayli s h a x s t o m o n i d a n anglanadi. B u n d a y shak ld ag i mayllarning o d a m la r d a m avjud boMishi u la rn in g y a q i n v a uzoq kelajakka in tilishlaridan d a lo la t beradi. Z .F r e y d m a y l la r g a o ‘ziga xos n a z a riy a y a r a t g a n boMib, u a k sa riy a t h o l a t d a j i n s i y instin k tiv m a y l l a r t o ‘g ‘risida m u l o h a z a y u r i t a d i ( l ib id o — jin siy m a y l ) , „ e d i p k o m - p l e k s “ ( „ S h o h E d i p “ a s a r i b o ' y i c h a ) , „ p s i x o a n a l i z “ a ta m a la ri orq a li q o ‘rq is h , him oya, b e g o n a la s h i s h singari instin k tiv m o y illik n i ta l q i n qiladi. S luini t a 'k i d l a s h 0 ‘rinliki, h a r q a n d a y a n g l a n m a g a n m a y l l a r o ‘z i d a n o lzi y o 'q o l i b k e t m a y d i , b alki u l a r b ir b o s q ic h k o 'r i n i s h i d a n ikkinchisiga a l m a s h a d i va m u tla q o b o s h q a c h a , yangi sifatga ega b o ‘ladi. U l a r m a q s a d g a , talabga o lsib 0 ‘tishi b i la n a n g l a n g a n l i k d a r a j a s i g a e ris h a d i. K.o‘ngil g 'a s h lik , r u h a n b e z o v t a l a n i s h , n o m a ' l u m x a t t i - h a r a k a t - larn in g sababi i n s o n g a n o m a ’lum b o l s a , u l a r a n g l a n m a g a n d a r a j a d a e k a n l i g i n i b ild irad i va m a y l fu n k s iy a s in i bajaradi. 0 ‘q u v fa o liy a ti m otivlari P sixologik m a 'l u m o t l a r g a k o ‘ra, h a r q a n d a y faoliyat m u a y y a n m o tiv l a r t a ’sirid a vujudga keladi va yetarli sh a rt- sharoitlar y a ra tilg a n d a g in a ro ‘yobga chiqadi. S h u bois, ta'lim j a r a y o n i d a b ilim la r n i o ‘zlashtirish, m alak a v a k o 'n ik m a la r n i e ga lla sh. u m u m a n , b i r o r narsani o ‘rg a n ish u c h u n o ‘q u v - c h ila r d a o ‘q u v m o t iv la r i m avjud b o l i s h i shart. 104 www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi B ilish m o tivlari s h a x s n in g g n o s e o l o g i k m a q s a d , y a ' n i bilish m a q s a d i n i q a r o r t o p t i r i s h b ilim va k o ‘n i k m a l a r n i e g a lla s h sari y o ‘naltirilad i. O d a t d a , b u n d a y t u r d o s h v a j i n s d o s h m o t iv la r nazariy m a ’l u m o t l a r n i n g k o ‘r s a t i s h i c h a , tashqi v a ich ki , dcg a n a t a m a l a r n i y u z a g a keltiradi. Tashqi m o tiv lar ja z o la s h v a ta q d irla s h , x a v f - x a t a r v a t a la b q ilis h , g u r u h iy tazyiq, e z g u niyat, o r z u - i s t a k k a b i q o ‘z g ka t u v c h il a r ta'sirida v u ju d g a keladi. B ularning b a r c h a s i b e v o s ita o ‘q u v niaqsadiga n i s b a t a n ta s h q i o m illa r, s a b a b l a r b o ‘lib h is o b la n a d i. M a z k u r h o l a t d a b ilim va m a l a k a l a r o kt a n u i h i m r o q b o ‘lgan yetakchi m a q s a d l a r n i a m alg a o s h i r i s h n i t a ’m i n la s h vazifasini bajarad i ( y o q i m s i z h olat va k e c h i n - m a l a r yoki n o x u s h , n o q u la y v a z i y a t d a n q o c h is h , i j t i m o iy yoki shaxsiy muvaffaqiyatga c ris h is h ) va hokazo. Bu t u r d a g i ta s h q i m o t i v l a r t a ’siri b i l a n t a ’lim j a r a y o n i d a b i lim v a k o 'n i k m a l a r n i egallashda q i y i n c h i l i k l a r kelib c h iq ib , u l a r asosiy m a q s a d n i am alga oshirishga to 'sq in lik qiladi. M a s a la n , k ich ik m a k t a b yoshidagi o ‘q u v c h i l a r n i o ‘qish e m a s , b a l k i o 'y i n faoliyati k o 'p r o q q iz iq tir a d i. M a z k u r v az iy a td a o ‘q i - tu v c h i n in g ularni o ‘qishga j a l b qilish niyati o ‘q u v c h i l a r n i n g o*yin m a q s a d i ushalishiga x a l a q i t b erishi m u m k i n , l e k i n b u n d a i z o h ta la b dalillar y e t i s h m a y d i . M o ti v la r n i n g n avbatdagi, y a ' n i ichki m o tiv la r t u r k u - m ig a in d iv id u a l xususiyatli m o t i v l a r kiradiki, u l a r o ‘q u v c h i s h ax sid a o ‘qishga nisbatan in d i v id u a l m a q s a d n i r o ky o b g a c h iq a r u v c h i q o ‘zg‘alish negizida p a y d o b o l a d i . C h u n o n c h i , bilishga q iz iq ish n in g vujudga kelishi sh ax sn in g m a ’n a v i y d arajasin i o sh irish u c h u n u n d a g i in tilis h la rn in g y e tilis h id ir. B u n g a o ‘xsh ash m o t iv la r n in g t a 's i r i d a o ‘qu v j a r a y o n i d a nizoli, ziddiyatli h o latlar y u z a g a k e lm a y d i. A lb atta, b u n d a y toifaga taalluqli m o tiv lar p a y d o boMishiga q a r a m a y , b a ’z a n q iy in c h ilik la r vujudga kelishi e h t i m o l , c h u n k i b i l i m l a r n i o 'z la s h ti r i s h u c h u n irodaviy z o “r b c rish g a t o ‘g ‘ri k e l a d i . B u n d a y x ossalarga ega irodaviy z o ' r b e r is h la r tashqi x a l a q i t b e r u v c h i q o ‘z g ‘a t u v c h i l a r n i n g k u c h i v a i m k o n i y a t i n i kam aytirishga qaratilgan b o l a d i . U s h b u jara y o n g a p e d a g o g ik p s i x o l o g iy a n u q t a y i n a z a r i d a n y o n d a s h i l g a n d a b u n d a y t o l a q o n l i v az iya tni o q ilo n a d e y is h m u m k i n . www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi T a ’l i m j a r a y o n i d a b u n d a y v a z i y a t l a r n i y a r a t i s h o ‘q itu v c h in in g m u h i m vazifasi h isobíanib, u n i n g faoliyati ichki a n g l a n g a n m o t i v l a r , ya'ni o ‘q u v c h i l a r x u lq -a tv o rin i s h u n c h a k i b o s h q a r i s h b i l a n c h e k l a n m a s d a n , balk i u l a r s h a x s in i s h a k l l a n t i r i s h g a , ularga m a q s a d q o ‘y a o lish g a , q iziq is h uy g ‘o t i s h g a q a r a t i lg a n b o l a d i . A n iq n a rs a la r, h o d i s a l a r va x a t t i - h a r a k a t l a r i n s o n n i n g faolligi m u a y y a n m a n b a l a r bilan uzviy bogM anishga ega b o l s a v a u y g ‘u n l a s h i b b o rs a , faoliyat m o tiv la ri darajasiga o ‘sib o ‘tadi. P s ix o lo g i y a d a m a n b a la r o ‘z m o h i y a t ig a k o ‘ra, t u r k u m l a r g a ajra tib t a l q i n qilinadi. A) Inson ehtiyojlari bilan be/gilanuvchi ic h k i manbalar. B u n d a o r g a n iz m n in g ta b i i y ehtiyojlarini n a m o y o n qiluvchi t u g ‘m a x u s u s i y a tl a r v a j a m o a d a s h a k l l a n u v c h i ijtim o iy e h tiy o jla rn i v u ju d g a keltiru v ch i o r t t i r m a x u su siy atg a cga b o l i s h i m u in k in . T u g fcm a e h ti y o jla r o ra s id a o 'q is h g a a l o q a d o r b o l g a n fao llik k a intilish e h t i y o j i va axborot, n i a 'l u m o t , x ab a rlar o lishga boMgan e h t iy o ji m u h i m o ‘rin tu tadi. M otivga g e n e tik y o n d a sh ilg a n d a shuni a l o h id a ta'k id lab o ‘tish lozim ki, b o l a d a t u g ‘ilgandan b e v o sita faollik k o 'r s a - tishga moyillik h u k m suradi: u kuladi (noverbal — m u o m a la sh a k li), q im irla y d i ( f a z o d a o ‘rin a l m a s h is h ), q o l va o y o q - larini h a r a k a t l a n t i r a d i (m o s la s h is h ), o ‘y n a y d i ( m u h i t — b o l a m u n o s a b a t i ) , g a p l a s h a d i (sh a x sla raro m u n o s a b a t g a k irishish), s a v o lla r b e r a d i (dialogik m u l o q o t va bo sh q alar). B u n g a o 'x s h a sh x a tt i - h a r a k a t l a r n i n g o ‘zi ularn i q o n iqtiradi. V o q e l i k n i , i n s o n n i n g a x b o r o t í a r g a n i s b a t a n e h t i y o j i n i t a j r i b a l a r o r q a l i k o ‘r s a t i s h m u m k i n . M a s a l a n , a g a r t e k s h i r i l u v c h i n i m a ’l u m v aqtga ta s h q i o l a m d a n ajra tib q o kyilsa, n a t ija d a u n i n g irodasida, h issiyotida, intellc k tid a b u z i l i s h s o d i r b o ' l i s h i , z e r i k i s h i , i r o d a v i y a k t t i z i m i y o ‘q o lishi, fikr y u r i t i s h j a ra y o n i p a r c h a l a n i s h i , illuzion, g a llu ts io n a l h o l a t l a r u c h r a s h i m u m k in . Ijtim o iy t u r m u s h s h a r o it i d a faollik va i n f o r m a t s i o n taqch illik o d a m l a r n i salbiy his-tuyg‘u va k e c h im n a la rg a olib www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi k e l a d i , f a o li y a t t u z ilis h i v a u n i n g d i n a m i k a s i g a p u t u r y e t k a z a d i . I j t i m o i y t u r m u s h d a s h a k l l a n u v c h i e h t i y o j l a r o r a s i d a o ‘q u v fa o liy a tid a m u h i m o ‘rin t u t u v c h i v a u n i k u c h a y tiru v ch i ijobiy xususiyatli sotsial va g n o stik e h t i y o j l a r a l o h i d a a h a m i y a t kasb e t a d i . S h a x s n i k a m o l t o p t i r i s h j a r a y o n i d a b u eh tiyojla r a l o h i d a o lrin tu ta d i. Bu t u r k u m g a b i l i m l a r g a e h t i y o j , j a m i y a t g a f o y d a k e lt i r is h g a i n t i l i s h , u m u m b a s h a r i y y u t u q l a r g a c r i s h i s h g a i n t i l i s h k a b i l a r kiritiladi. B) Inson hayoti va fa o liy a tin in g ijtim oiy sharoitlarida a n i q ia n u v c h i ta s h q i m a n b a la r . B u n d a y m a n b a l a r n i t a l a b e h a n l ik , o rz u (k u tis h ) v a i m k o n iy a tl a r ta s h k il q il a d i . J u m l a d a n , ta la b e h a n lik i n s o n g a faoliyat va x u l q - a t v o r n i n g m u a y y a n t u r i n i h a m d a s h a k l i n i t a q o z o e t a d i . M a z k u r h o la tn i quyidagi m u l o h a z a la r y o r d a m i d a iz o h la sh m u m k i n : o t a - o n a b o l a d a n o v qatni q o s h i q d a y eyishni, s t u l d a t o ‘g ‘ri o ‘t iris h n i, „ r a h m a t “ d e y ish n i t a l a b qilsa, m a k t a b o ‘q u v c h i - d a n m a ’l u m b e l g i l a n g a n v a q t d a d a r s g a y e t i b k c l i s h n i , o ‘q i t u v c h i l a r g a q u l o q s o l i s h n i , b e r i l g a n v a z i f a l a r n i b a ja rish n i q a t 'i y belgilaydi. J a m i y a t o ‘z f u q a ro la rig a x u l q , f e 'l - a t v o r orqali m a ’Ium a x l o q i y n o r m a va q o i d a l a r g a rio y a q i l i s h n i , s h a x s l a r a r o m u o m a l a g a k i r i s h i s h s h a k l l a r i n i eg a lla s h n i h a m d a a n iq v a z if a la rn i bajarish g a a m a l q i l is h n i o 'r g a ta d i. P sixologiya fani a t a m a l a r i n i n g m o h i y a t id a o r z u y o k i k u tish j a n i i y a t n i n g sh ax sg a m u n o s a b a t i n i n g i f o d a l a n i s h m e x a n i z m i y o tadi. E tn o p s i x o lo g i k s t e r e o ti p l a r d a u y g ‘u n - lash g an x u l q - a t v o r belgilari v a fa o liy a tn in g sh a k lla ri o ‘ziga xoslik k a ega. O d a td a , o d a m l a r b i r yoshli b o la tik y u r i s h i kerak , d e b h is o blaydila r v a u l a r b u n i b o la d a n k u t g a n l i g i tufayli u n g a a l o h id a m u n o s a b a t d a b o ‘ladilar. P s ix o l o g i y a d a ku tish t a la b t u s h u n c h a s i d a n farqli o ‘laroq, faoliyat y u z a g a kelishi u c h u n u m u m i y m u h i t y a ra ta d i. I m k o n i y a t l a r t o ‘g kr i s i d a f i k r y u r i t a d i g a n b o M s a k , im k o n iy a t m a l u m fa o liy a tn in g kish ila r irodasi b ila n bogMiq ( i r o d a a k ti , sifati, p r i n s i p i ) o b y e k t i v s h a r t - s h a r o i t l a r n i www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi o 'z i d a aks ettiradi. A g a r d a o d a m la r n in g shaxsiy kutu b x o n asi b o y b o ‘lsa. u l a r n i n g o ‘q is h in ik o n iy a ti y u q o r i d a r a j a g a k o 't a r i l a d i . K i s h i l a r n i n g x u lq - a t v o r i p s ix o lo g ik n u q ta y i n a z a r d a n t a h l i l q i l i n g a n d a , u n g a k o ‘p i n c h a u l a r n i n g o b y e k tiv i m k o n iy a tla rid a n keiib chiqib y o n d ashiladi. A ga rda b o l a n i n g q o l i g a t a s o d i f a n biologiya kitobi tu s h i b qolsa, lin in g s h u fanga q iz iq ish i ortishi kuzatiladi. D ) S h a x siy m a n b a la r — o d a m l a r n i n g q i z i q i s h l a r i n i , in tilish iarin i, u s t a n o v k a la r i va d u n y o q a r a s h la r i n i , j a m iy a t b i la n m u n o s a b a t i n i a k s ettirad i. Inson faolligining m a n - bayi — q a d riy a t o rq a li ifo d a la n ib , shaxs s ta tu s id a ega lla na b o ra d i. Tekshirish uchun savollar 1. E h t i y o j d e g a n d a S i z n i m a n i t u s h u n a s i z ? 2. E h t i y o j n i n g q a n d a y t u r l a r i m a v j u d ? 3. Q i z i q i s h d e g a n d a S i z n i m a n i t a s a w u r e t a s i z ? 4. U s t a n o v k a d e g a n d a n i m a l a r g a a h a m i y a t b e r i s h k e r a k ? 5. E ’t i q o d v a d u n y o q a r a s h n i n g o ' x s h a s h l i k h a m d a farqli t o m o n l a r i h a q i d a s o ' z l a n g . www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi |
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