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Infatuation and how it compares to and relates to love.
Several themes were connected with the novel "Great Hopes". One of the most fascinating topics concerned "falling in love and how it relates to love" ("Infatuation"). A hobby is, in fact, an obsession or an extravagant attachment to a person. In fact, there is no definite reason behind their passion, so this feeling is often short-lived and indicates erroneous judgments. A person does not know what these feelings mean, and that is usually why he mistakes them for love. Love, on the other hand, is a strong tender concern for another person. This is a more selfless and well-established feeling. You can compare the difference between love and infatuation with "Everything that glitters is not gold", the illusion of brilliance is infatuation, and gold is love, the real thing. As a person grows up and experiences his feelings with many other people, the distinction between love and infatuation becomes clearer. This is because a person can compare the feelings he experienced in the past with his current feelings.
In "Great Expectations" we see that Pip's infatuation with Estella is "short-lived", like most hobbies. Despite the fact that Estella is arrogant and rude, Pip is not only crazy about her beauty and wealth, but almost envies them. In fact, the humiliation that Estelle is subjecting Pip to makes him feel very humiliated towards himself and the way he was brought up. This leads to the fact that Pip's expectations change: he wants to become an apprentice to Joe the blacksmith and study to become a gentleman that Estella will notice and admire. Years pass, Estella continues to play with Pip's heart, and Pip continues to unconditionally have feelings for her. Later, Estelle marries a man named Bentley Drummll, which only makes Pip once again confess his love to Estelle. Estella says to Pip, "I know what you mean by the form of words, but nothing more."
In essence, this means that Estella can hear what Pip is saying to her, but she does not understand how he could love her. Despite this, as well as the fact that Estella is getting married, Pip still continues to fantasize about Estella. Soon Pip begins to learn more about her and her past through Miss Havisham. These conversations with Pip help Miss Havisham become kinder and happier. Feeling that he can't get Estelle and that the world around him has changed, Pip decides to propose to Biddy. In fact, he has no reason why he wants to marry Biddy, except for the fact that he feels lost and vulnerable. And yet, in his quest to find her, he finds something else. To his surprise, Biddy is already married to Joe! Pip leaves, not yet reconciled to either Biddy or Joe. Eleven years later, Pip visits Biddy and Joe. In the end, he reconciles with them and meets their son, little Pip. This shows that Pip has grown up and is ready to start a new, happier life with people from his past. Later, Pip goes to Satis' house and sees Estelle for the first time in many years. For the first time he saw the saddened, softened light of the once proud eyes and felt the friendly touch of the once unfeeling hand. This, of course, means that Estelle has also changed. Her experience of a failed marriage with Drummle showed her what it was like to feel pain. The sufferings of all these years have had a stronger effect than Miss Havisham's instructions. This experience gave her the strength to understand what Pip's heart used to be. Although it's not really clear if these two characters will fall in love eventually, in the end they both found a state of happiness.
Another good example of how a character distinguishes between love and infatuation is Dickens' character Biddy. Although Pip had always viewed his relationship with Biddy as a brother and sister relationship, Biddy looked at it in a completely different way. She has always been madly in love with Pip, but she doesn't really know why she has such feelings for him. Maybe it's because they grew up together and spent time with each other, but she really doesn't have a definite answer. These factors allow this hobby, apparently, to fall under the category of falling in love.
Throughout most of "Great Expectations" she tries to pursue Pip, but he never falls in love with her. The reason is that not only is he not interested in Biddy, but also because he is constantly trying to be the kind of gentleman who will make Estelle pay attention to him. In addition to this, he is leaving for London. These actions of Pip eventually become factors that make Biddy realize that the "strong" feelings Pip has for Estelle will always be part of his character. She will always have a place in his heart. It also makes Biddy realize that she doesn't really have a specific reason why she likes Pip so much. Meanwhile, after Pip leaves, Biddy and Joe discover that they have more time to spend with each other. Biddy teaches Joe to read and write. When their relationship reaches a higher level, they realize that they share many of the same values and morals. This leads to the fact that the two characters begin to get closer. Biddy's experience with Pip and Joe made her realize what love and happiness really are, and she finds these feelings in Joe.
In this study, researchers study the message contained in the novel. The message in a literary work, including novels, can be considered as a part of mass communication, not limited only to words, but all aspects of the film also matter. For this reason, researchers are trying to explore the novel "The Great Expectation" using semiotics related to class theory. The problem with this study is how Pip becomes a representation of the protagonist's social class during his lifetime. The first thing that could be the purpose of this study is to identify and describe the social stratification in the novel "Great Hopes". Then, the purpose of this study is to analyze the psychological representation of the main character Pip in the novel "Great Hopes".⁸
Semiotics studies the systems, rules, conventions that allow these signs to have meaning. This theory was put forward by Barth. In his theory, Barth developed semiotics into two levels of signification, namely, the level of denotation and connotation. Denotation is a level of signification that explains the connection of signifiers and markers with reality, generating explicit, direct and definite meanings. Semiotics attempts to systematically explain the structure of signs or the science of signs. This is also revealed by Head: “Semiotics is the study of signs in human life. That is, everything that is present in our life is a sign to which we must attach importance.” Bart is a continuation of Saussure's thought. Saussure was interested in the complex way sentences are formed and how sentence forms determine meaning, but less interested in the fact that the same sentence can convey different meanings to people in different situations. Santos also gives a semiotic definition, that is, it is how the work is interpreted by observers and the public using signs or symbols. Moreover, Luxemburg in Santos argues that semiotics is the science of the systematic study of signs and symbols, their systems and processes of symbolization.
In this study, the researchers also include the ideology of Marxism in the novel The Great Expectation, analyzed using the semiotic method, especially Barth's semiotics. The researcher chose Barth's semiotics because Barth's semiotic theory discusses semiotics more deeply to the level of ideology. In addition, John Fiske's semiotic theory is one of the most suitable theories for the analysis of social class, where in the process of analyzing social class, all elements of reality and representation are analyzed up to the level of ideological levels that represent reality, it is possible to include ideology in the construction of reality. As a basis for introducing the theory of Marxism, researchers claim that all Marxist literary theories have the same simple premise. As stated by Robi et al. However, literature can only be understood within the broader framework of social reality.
Barth continues this thought by emphasizing the interaction between the text and the personal and cultural experiences of its users, the interaction between the conventions in the text and the conventions that its users experience and expect. Barth's concept is known as the order of designation, including denotation or real meaning according to the dictionary, and connotation, known as meaning, born from cultural and personal experience. Bart also sees another aspect of labeling- the myth that labels society. The myth, according to Barth, lies at the second level of signification, so after the sign-signifier-signified system is formed, the sign will become a new marker, which will then receive a second sign and form a new sign. So, when a sign having connotation value then turns into denotation value, then the denotation value becomes a myth. As for the difference in the order of signification, Barth also argues that the first stage of the order of signification is denotation, and at this level the data consists of the signifier and the signified. Then the connotation is the second stage of the designation order, where the designation is used as a marker and an addition is made to it.
Speaking of representation, representation, according to Chris Barker in the book "Faith", is a social construct that requires us to study the formation of textual meanings and to study ways of creating meanings in various contexts. Cultural representations and meanings have a certain materiality. They are attached to sounds, inscriptions, objects, images, books, magazines and television programs. They are created, demonstrated, used and understood in certain social contexts. Representation means using language to say something meaningful or to represent a world that is important to others. Representation can be interpreted as an important part of the process of creating values and exchanging them between cultures. Representation involves the use of language, signs and images that represent the object of research. From the above explanation, we can conclude that representation is the production of meaning with the help of language. In representation, when constructing an opinion, signs located in different languages are used, which are used to communicate with other people. A language can use signs to designate objects and refer to them.
This study includes the theory of Marxism, because in the scientific field, the theory of literature differs from the theory of practicality, which can be associated with various more general methods, such as theories of knowledge, thoughts, interpretations, desires, forces, and so on. All attempts to formulate a theory of literature would be incomplete if the relationship between general theory and special theory were not described. It will not be perfect if it does not pay attention to the historical context. In scientific theories, new discoveries tend to replace old ones, so literary theory continues to evolve along with the development of general theories, such as Marxism or psychoanalysis, which are also used in literary theory.
Love and infatuation have both their positive and negative effects. Infatuation may mislead you to believe that's you're in love. But most importantly it provides "experience for people to grow and learn about what kind of qualities they cherish and what kind of people they like to spend time with" ("Infatuation"). Infatuation also teaches us that it is truly what is in the inside that counts. In the long run, it is what is skin deep keeps that keeps old feelings seem so new. As both of the relationships analyzed above show, infatuation helps you realize that passion without reason is just a waste of time.

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