Option 1 Definitions of management

2. socio-psychological methods.
Socio-psychological methods of management. As the participants in the management process are people, social relations and the corresponding management practices that reflect them are important and closely related to other management methods. Socio-psychological methods of management are a complex of ways to influence personal relationships, connections and social processes in work collectives, through the social needs and psychological characteristics of people. It uses mainly moral incentives to work, with the help of which the administrative task is transformed into a conscious duty, an internal need of the employee.The group of social and psychological management methods includes: • social planning (improving the social structure of personnel, their demographic and professional qualifications composition, improvement of general education and cultural and technical level, improvement of working conditions, etc.); • motivation of employees; • the formation of a favorable moral climate in the team, etc.As the participants in the management process are people, social relations and the corresponding management methods reflecting them are important and closely related to other management methods. These include: - the regulation of interpersonal and intergroup relations,- the creation and maintenance of moral climate in collective.- moral encouragement, -social planning, - persuasion, - suggestion,-personal example.Socio-psychological methods of management are means of managing producers and certain individuals by influencing their social needs and psychological characteristics. The use of socio-psychological methods of management requires a deep study of social phenomena occurring in the enterprise, knowledge of psychological (spiritual) factors affecting the mood of the nervous system of employees.



6-OPTION
1.The concept of management functions and their composite structure.
Management functions originally identified by Henri Fayol as five elements, there are now four commonly accepted functions of management that encompass these necessary skills: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.Planning: One main role of a manager is creating a plan to meet company goals and objectives. This involves allocating employee resources and delegating responsibilities, as well as setting realistic timelines and standards for completion. Planning requires those in management roles to continuously check on team progress in order to make small adjustments when necessary, while still maintaining a clear picture of a company's larger aims and goals.ORGANIZING According to Henry Fayol, “To organize a business is to provide it with everything useful or its functioning i.e. raw material, tools, capital and personnel’s”. To organize a business involves determining & providing human and non-human resources to the organizational structure. Organizing as a process involves:Identification of activities.Classification of grouping of activities.Assignment of duties.Delegation of authority and creation of responsibility.Coordinating authority and responsibility relationships.LEADINGManagers should be comfortable and confident commanding their team members’ daily tasks as well as during periods of significant change or challenge. This involves projecting a strong sense of direction and leadership when setting goals and communicating new processes, products and services, or internal policy.Leadership can manifest itself in a number of ways, including recognizing when employees need an extra boost of reinforcement and praise to handling conflicts between team members. Controlling: To ensure all of the above functions are working toward the success of a company, managers should consistently monitor employee performance, quality of work, and the efficiency and reliability of completed projects. Control (and quality control) in management is about making sure the ultimate goals of the business are being adequately met, as well as making any necessary changes when they aren't.